Unit 2 Test

Question 1

Amino acid

Answer 1

A molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

Question 2

Molecule

Answer 2

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds; not necessarily a compound.

Question 3

Polymer

Answer 3

A large, carbon-based molecule formed from monomers.

Question 4

Enzyme

Answer 4

A protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms.

Question 5

Hydrogen bond

Answer 5

The attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.

Question 6

pH

Answer 6

The measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution.

Question 7

Product

Answer 7

The substance formed by a chemical reaction.

Question 8

Element

Answer 8

The substance formed by a chemical reaction.

Question 9

Adhesion

Answer 9

The attraction of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical reactions.

Question 10

Activation energy

Answer 10

The energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction.

Question 11

Substrate

Answer 11

A reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts.

Question 12

Solution

Answer 12

A mixture that is consistent throughout; also called a homogeneous mixture.

Question 13

Covalent bond

Answer 13

The chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pours of electrons.

Question 14

Fatty acid

Answer 14

A hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid.

Question 15

Atom

Answer 15

The smallest basic unit of matter.

Question 16

Ionic bond

Answer 16

The chemical bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions.

Question 17

Solvent

Answer 17

A substance in which solutes dissolve and that is present in greatest concentration in a solution.

Question 18

Acid

Answer 18

A compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution.

Question 19

Monomer

Answer 19

A molecular subunit of a polymer.

Question 20

Exothermic

Answer 20

A chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat.

Question 21

Base

Answer 21

A compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution.

Question 22

Bond energy

Answer 22

The amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms.

Question 23

Carbohydrate

Answer 23

A molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches.

Question 24

Chemical reaction

Answer 24

The process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.

Question 25

Solute

Answer 25

A substance that dissolves in a solvent and is present at a lower concentration than the solvent.

Question 26

Protein

Answer 26

A polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids.

Question 27

Catalyst

Answer 27

The substance that decreases activation energy and increases rate of reaction in a chemical reaction.

Question 28

Compound

Answer 28

The substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio.

Question 29

Cohesion

Answer 29

The attraction between molecules of the same substance.

Question 30

Nucleic acids

Answer 30

A polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms.

Question 31

Equilibrium

Answer 31

The condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate.

Question 32

Endothermic

Answer 32

A chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy.

Question 33

Reactant

Answer 33

The substance that is changed by a chemical reaction.

Question 34

Ion

Answer 34

The atom has gained or lost one or more electrons.

Question 35

Lipid

Answer 35

A nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils.