Unit 2 - Body Systems, Digestive System & Respiratory System

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A tissue is a group of similar cells, which are all working together to perform a specific function. A group of tissues is called an organ

Question 2

What are the 4 types of tissues?

Answer 2

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

Question 3

What are the 11 Body Systems?

Answer 3

• Integumentary
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Circulatory (aka Cardiovascular)
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Excretory (aka Urinary)
• Reproductive
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Immune (and Lymphatic)

We need to memorize all of these and what they do yay so fun pls kill me

Question 4

What is the Integumentary system?

Answer 4

• Consists of the skin, hair & nails
• Serves as a physical barrier against germs
• Sensory Organ
• Helps with temperature

Question 5

What is the Skeletal system?

Answer 5

• Consists of Bones (suprisingly) & Cartilage1
• Supports for the entire body and protection for the organs
• Muscles are attached to them for movement
• Stores Minerals
• Bone Marrow (the stuff inside of the bone) produces blood cells

1There’s a flashcard about cartilage to explain it don’t worry

Question 6

What is the Muscular system?

Answer 6

• Consists of muscles (lol no way)1
• Generates heat
• Voluntary and Involuntary Movement
• Voluntary Movement: Moving your arms and legs and stuff
• Involuntary Movement: Move blood throughout the body & move food through digestive system

1There are 3 types of muscles but that seemed way too complicated however if you want to look at them go to the slides

Question 7

What is the Circulatory (Cardiovascular) system?

Answer 7

• Consists of Heart, Blood & Blood Vessels1
• Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Carries cells and antibodies that fight infection

1 Blood Vessels include arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 8

What is the Respiratory system?

Answer 8

• Consists of the diaphragm, lungs and associated tubes
• Brings in Oxygen for cellular respiration
• Gets rid of CO2 waste
• Relies on circulatory system for gas transport1

1Blood transports the oxygen gained throughout the body

Question 9

What is the Digestive system?

Answer 9

• Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and accessory organs, such as liver and pancreas
• It breaks down food, both physically and chemically
• It gets nutrients which is then distributed to the body through the circulatory system
• It eliminates waste

Question 10

What is the Excretory (Urinary) system?

Answer 10

• Consists of the skin, liver, kidneys,
  bladder & associated tubes
• It removes waste from the body, using sweat glands in the skin, removing toxins using the liver and using the kidneys to filter blood1

1 This is also why its called Urinary System

Question 11

What is the Reproductive system?

Answer 11

• In males, consists of testes & penis
• In females, consists of ovaries, uterus & vagina
• Produces Gametes1
• Is responsible for reproduction
  (I mean its kinda simple idk what else to write)

1More information on gametes later

Question 12

What is the Nervous system?

Answer 12

• Consists of the Central Nervous System, the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System, the nerves
• Central Nervous system is responsible for general thoughts, feelings and telling the rest of the body what to do
• Peripheral Nervous system sort of act as messengers. They bring information, such as touch and pain, to the brain to interpret, and they bring information from the brain to the rest of the body, to tell it what to do

Question 13

What is the Endocrine system?

Answer 13

• Consists of various glands across the body
• These glands secrete hormones that prompt various bodily functions

Question 14

What is the Immune & Lymphatic systems?

Answer 14

• Consists of White Blood Cells, Spleen, Lymph nodes, glands and vessels
• Responsible for protection against disease
• Collects intercellular fluids (aka lymph) and returns it to the circulatory system1

1More information on this later once again

Question 15

What is cartilage?

Answer 15

Cartilage is a sort of soft connective tissue that’s basically just “soft bone”. Its more flexible than bone, because its used in joints, such as the knees and elbows. Its also what makes up a lot of the nose and ears.

Question 16

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 16

The Diaphragm is a muscle underneath the lungs which expands and contracts to allow the lungs to breath in and out

Question 17

What are hormones?

Answer 17

They act as chemical messengers that activate certain body functions. For example, Testosterone is a hormone that prompts puberty in males, while Estrogen does the same in females

Question 18

What is Physical(Mechanical) Digestion?

Answer 18

When food gets broken down in physical ways, e.g chewing in the mouth, or stomach churns to break down the food

Question 19

What is Chemical Digestion?

Answer 19

When food is broken down through chemical means, e.g acid in the stomach

Enzymes are almost always responsible for chemical digestion

Question 20

What is the digestive system pathway?

Answer 20

• Starts at the Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Ends at the Large Intestine

Question 21

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 21

Begin Physical & Chemical Digestion. Physical by chewing the food, and chemical by breaking it down with the saliva. Carbs begin to be digested here.

Question 22

What is the function of the Esophagus?

Answer 22

It transport food to the stomach using peristalsis

Ill explain peristalsis later

Question 23

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 23

To digest food more physically and chemically. Physically through churning, and chemically through stomach acid. This is where proteins are digested.

Question 24

What is the purpose of the Small Intestines?

Answer 24

Chemical Digestion & it moves nutrients into the bloodstream using villi

More on Villi later again

Question 25

What is the purpose of the Large Intestines?

Answer 25

Water and electrolytes are removed from waste, the waste is stored in the rectum and excreted from the anus

Question 26

What is peristalsis?

Answer 26

Muscular Contractions in the esophagus that move food down into the stomach

Question 27

What are the Villi?

Answer 27

Villi are small finger like projections on the walls of the small intestine that are there to increase the surface area, and allow nutrients to be absorbed more efficiently

Question 28

What are the 2 reactants that cells need to make energy?

Answer 28

Oxygen - from the Respiratory System
Nutrients - from the Digestive Syste,

Question 29

What is the Respiratory System pathway?

Answer 29

1. Nose and/or mouth
2. pharynx (back of throat) and larynx (voicebox)
3. trachea (aka – windpipe)
4. lungs
5. trachea splits into two bronchi - one for each lung
6. smaller and smaller bronchioles
7. alveoli – covered in capillaries for gas exchange with blood -> oxygen is delivered to all cells by the blood

I suggest looking at the slides for more detail and pictures

Question 30

What is diffusion?

Answer 30

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Remember the skittles example Ms Dufault showed us in class

Question 31

What are the alveoli?

You should pronounce these as olive oil

Answer 31

The alveoli are air sacks that are responsible for taking the oxygen out of the air and putting it into the bloodstream. The alveoli are very small and theres a lot of them

Question 32

Why are the alveoli small and numerous?

Answer 32

The reason is that the smaller and more of them there are, the more surface area there is, similar to the Villi. This allows them to absorb Oxygen much more efficiently.