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9th grade World History Honors > unit 2 > Flashcards

unit 2 Flashcards

river valley civilizations

1
Q

civilization–

A

a complex culture where people share common traits (cities, specialized workers, complex institution, record keeping, and advanced technology)

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2
Q

geography–

A

location, climate, natural resources, landforms/bodies of water

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3
Q

religion–

A

beliefs, holidays/ceremonies, practices/rituals, leaders of religion

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4
Q

achievments–

A

contributions, inventions, buildings/architecture, writing system

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5
Q

politics–

A

type of government, leaders, laws, military

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6
Q

economy–

A

job specialization (people work different jobs), trade with barter or money, products

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7
Q

society–

A

social classes/pyramid, works or art/music, daily life

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8
Q

what is the location for the Mesopotamian civilization?

A

Tirgris and Euphrates river valley

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9
Q

what is the present day country of the Mesopotamian civilization?

A

present day Iraq

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10
Q

how long did Mesopotamian civilization last?

A

4000 - 1500 BCE (before common era)

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11
Q

what are the city states for the Mesopotamian civilization?

A

Ur, Lagash, Uruk

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12
Q

where was the Mesopotamian civilization located?

A

southwest asia

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13
Q

what is the fertile crescent?

A

the area where agriculture was first discovered

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14
Q

how much rain was there in Mesopotamia?

A

little rain

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15
Q

Tigris and Euphrates rivers flood how frequent?

A

the flooding is unpredictable, it floods at least once a year

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16
Q

what does the flood leave behind from flooding in Mesopotamia?

A

it leaves behind a fertile mud called silt

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17
Q

what do farmers use to use water from the river?

A

irrigation

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18
Q

what does polytheism mean?

A

the belief in many gods

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19
Q

what was Mesopotamian’s religion?

A

polytheism

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20
Q

what is a ziggurat? (in Mesopotamia)

A

a temple to worship city gods/goddesses and to store extra food (surplus)

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21
Q

what did the priests and priestesses do in Mesopotamia?

A

took care of the temple, conducted rituals, advised the kings

22
Q

what subjects did Mesopotamian’s study?

A

geometry, measurement, mathematics, and astronomy

23
Q

what were the inventions from Mesopotamia?

A

wheel, cart and wagon, plow, tablet and stylus, writing

24
Q

what type of writing did Mesopotamian’s use?

A

cuneiform (a way to keep records of extra goods called surplus)

25
Q

what were scribes?

A

people whose job was to write

26
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh was a–

A

epic poem about a king named Gilgamesh

27
Q

city-state (Mesopotamia)–

A

a city that expands their control into the countryside usually surrounded by a wall and watch towers

28
Q

true or false (Mesopotamia): priests ruled first before kings

A

true

29
Q

priests ruled first before kings in Mesopotamia, then what did the kings do after?

A

kings created a dynasty: rulers pass power on to sons

30
Q

theocracy–

A

a government that gets its power from the gods (diving authority)

31
Q

what was Mesopotamia’s main economy?

A

mainly agriculture (wheat, barley)

32
Q

what else did Mesopotamian’s trade?

A

wool (clothing), pottery, metalwork (copper and bronze tools), jewelry (gold and silver)

33
Q

what is a barter?

A

exchanges goods for other goods

34
Q

what river valleys did Mesopotamia trade with?

A

Egypt and Indus

35
Q

what was Mesopotamia’s society like?

A

there were three groups of people: nobles, commoners, and slaves

36
Q

who were considered nobles in Mesopotamia?

A

royals (ruling family) and priests (head of religion)

37
Q

who were considered commoners in Mesopotamia?

A

palace workers, temple workers, farmers, fishers, and craftspeople

38
Q

90% of sumerian society were–

A

farmers

39
Q

who were considered slaves in Mesopotomia?

A

people who worked on building projects, weaved cloth, grind grain, or worked on rich landowners farms

40
Q

what is the location for Egypt civilization?

A

Nile river valley

41
Q

what is the present day country for the Nile River Valley?

A

Egypt

42
Q

how long did Ancient Egypt civilization last?

A

3500 - 1500 BCE

43
Q

what are the important cities in Ancient Egypt?

A

Memphis and Thebes

44
Q

where does the Nile River flow?

A

flows north into the Mediterranean Sea

45
Q

true or false: lower Egypt is near Nile Delta “downstream”

A

true

46
Q

true or false: upper Egypt is called Southern Egypt “Upstream”

A

true

47
Q

how frequent does the Nile river flood?

A

it floods once a year, predictably

48
Q

after the Nile river flooding, what does it leave behind?

A

rich soil called silt

49
Q

was irrigation used in Ancient Egypt?

A

yes, irrigation was used to control flooding

50
Q
A

9th grade World History Honors (4 decks)

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