Unit 2

Question 1

Recall and Explain the Stages of Mitosis

Answer 1

Interphase:
- DNA is replicated
- Increased number of sub-cellular structures (Mitochondria, Ribosomes)

Prophase:
- DNA Condenses
- Chromosomes become visible
- Nuclear membrane breaks down

Metaphase:
- Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
- Spindle fibers attach to the center of each chromosome

Anaphase:
- Fibers split chromosomes down the center
- Chromatid is pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Telophase:
- Chromosomes cluster in the center of each new cell
- Nuclear membrane begins to form
- Cells begin to separate

Cytokinesis:
-Two genetically identical diploid daughter cells formed

Question 2

Functions of Mitosis

Answer 2

• During Asexual reproduction
• Takes place when an organism needs to repair itself
• Essential for growth and development of multicellular organisms

Question 3

Describe how cancer develops in the liver

Answer 3

Uncontrolled cell division by mutations in DNA

Question 4

Compare the outcomes of Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 4

Mitosis produced 2 cells and Meiosis produces 4 cells

Mitosis is diploid and Meiosis is haploid

Mitosis daughter cells are genetically identical and Meiosis daughter cells and genetically different.

Question 5

Describe the function of a meristem in the growth of a plant

Answer 5

Meristem cells are undifferentiated that can divide by mitosis. Can also differentiate into specialized cells.

Question 6

Discuss the benefits and risks of using stem cell therapy to treat arthritis

Answer 6

Stem cells can differentiate and become specialized to replace damaged cells which would reduce arthritis symptoms.

New cells may not function properly. Also cells may continue to divide uncontrollably and develop into cancer

Question 7

Parts and Functions of the Brain

Answer 7

Cerebral Cortex: Language, memory, consciousness

Cerebellum: Balance and movement

Medulla: Heart and Breathing rate