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Medical Terminology > Unit 13 > Flashcards

Unit 13 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

End/o

A

Innermost; within

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2
Q

Crin/o

A

Secrete

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3
Q

Hyperpituitiarism

A

General term for hypersectretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland

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4
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

General term for hyposecretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Hypersecretion of prolactin due to an adenoma in the anterior pituitary gland

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6
Q

Failure of lactation

A

Hyposectretion of prolactin due to a defect in the anterior pituitary gland

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7
Q

Gigantism

A

Condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty causes excessive growth of bones and tissues

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8
Q

Acromegaly

A

Condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during adulthood causes a persons facial features to widen and enlarge

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9
Q

Dwarfism

A

Condition in which hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty causes a lack of growth and short stature

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10
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

A

Condition in which hypersecretion of ADH causes the kidneys to increase reabsorption of excessive amounts of water and some sodium

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11
Q

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

Condition in which hyposecretion of ADH causes the kidneys to decrease reabsorption of sodium and water

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12
Q

Uterine inertia

A

Condition in which hyposecretion of oxytocin causes weak and uncoordinated uterine contractions during childbirth

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13
Q

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

Condition in which decreased hours of sunlight during fall and winter lead to hypersecretion of melatonin accompanied by a decrease in serotonin levels

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14
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Condition in which the thyroid gland secretes too much T3 and T4

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15
Q

Goiter

A

Chronic, progressive enlargement of the thyroid gland

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16
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Condition in which the thyroid gland secretes too little T3 and T4

17
Q

Thyroid carcinoma

A

Cancerous or malignant tumor of the thyroid gland

18
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Condition in which hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone moves too much calcium from the bones into the blood

19
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Condition in which hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone leads to hypocalcemia

20
Q

Hyperinsulinism

A

Condition in which a pancreatic adenoma causes hypersecretion of insulin

21
Q

Insulin resistance syndrome (IRS)

A

Condition in which hypersecretion of insulin occurs because cell receptors develop resistance to insulin

22
Q

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

Condition in which the beta cells of the pancreas are unable to secrete enough insulin

23
Q

Type 1

A

Also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DDM), pancreas secretes no insulin

24
Q

Type 1.5

A

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

25
Q

Type 2

A

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

26
Q

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

A

Occurs in some women during pregnancy

27
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

High level of acidic substances called ketones accumulates in the blood

28
Q

Diabetic neuropathy

A

Decreased or abnormal sensation in the extremities

29
Q

Diabetic nephropathy

A

Condition in which high levels of glucose and ketones cause degenerative changes in the nephrons of the kidneys

30
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Degenerative changes in the retina due to the local effect of excess glucose and ketones

31
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Formation of fatty deposits and plaques in the arteries

32
Q

Impotence

A

Difficulty achieving and erection

33
Q

Foot injury

A

Patients with DM are at increased risk due to poor eyesight and decreased sensation

34
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Condition in which hypersecretion of aldosterone causes reabsroption of large amounts of sodium and water

35
Q

Hypoaldosteronism

A

Condition in which hyposecretion of aldosterone causes a low level of sodium in the blood

36
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Condition in which hypersecretion of cortisol

37
Q

Addison disease

A

Hyposecretion of cortisol leads to low blood glucose

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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