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Medical Terminology > Unit 12 > Flashcards

Unit 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Gynec/o

A

Female; woman

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2
Q

Obstetr/o

A

Pregnancy and childbirth

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3
Q

Anovulation

A

Failure of the ovaries to release a mature ovum even though the menstrual cycle is normal

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4
Q

Ovul/o

A

Ovum

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5
Q

-ation

A

Process

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6
Q

Ovarian cancer

A

Cancerous tumor of an ovary

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7
Q

Salpingitis

A

Infection or inflammation of the uterine tube

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8
Q

Salping/o

A

Uterine tube

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9
Q

Polycystic ovary syndrome

A

Ovaries contain many semisolid cysts

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10
Q

Endometrial cancer

A

Cancerous tumors of the endometrium of the uterus

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11
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

A

Cancerous tumor of the smooth muscle of the uterus

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12
Q

Lei/o

A

Smooth

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13
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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14
Q

Sarc/o

A

Connective tissue

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15
Q

Endometriosis

A

Development of endometrial tissue in the uterine tubes and pelvic cavity

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16
Q

Endo-

A

Innermost

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17
Q

Metri/o

A

Uterus

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18
Q

Myometritis

A

Inflammation of infection of the uterine muscle

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19
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

Infection that spreads from the cervix to the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries

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20
Q

Uterine prolapse

A

Downward movement of the uterus due to ligament stretching or pelvic floor muscle weakness

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21
Q

Amenorrhea

A

The absence of menstrual periods due to hormone imbalance, disease, or stress

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22
Q

Men/o

A

Month

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23
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation due to excess prostaglandin, endometriosis, PID, or uterine fibroids

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24
Q

Menopause

A

Normal cessation of menstrual periods in middle age

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25
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Menstrual period with excessively heavy flow or a menstrual period lasting more that 7 days

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26
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Very light menstrual flow or infrequent menstrual periods in a woman who previously had normal periods

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27
Q

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

A

Breast tenderness, fluid retention, bloating, and mild mood change in the days before menstruation

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28
Q

Cervical cancer

A

Cancerous tumor of the cervix that involves dysplasia, ulceration, and bleeding

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29
Q

Cervical dysplasia

A

Abnormal growth of the squamous cells in the surface layer of the cervix

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30
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A

Bacterial infection caused by Gardnerella vaginalis

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31
Q

Candidiasis

A

Yeast infection

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32
Q

Cystocele

A

Herniation of the bladder into the vagina

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33
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Difficult of painful intercourse

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34
Q

Rectocele

A

Hernia of the rectum into the vagina

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35
Q

Vaginitis

A

Vaginal inflammation of infection

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36
Q

Failure of lactation

A

Lack of mild production from the breasts after childbirth

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37
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Discharge of milk from the breast when a woman is not pregnant

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38
Q

Breast cancer

A

Cancerous adenocarcinoma of the lactiferous lobules

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39
Q

Abruptio placentae

A

Partial or complete separation of the placenta from the uterine wall prior to the third stage of labor

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40
Q

Abnormal presentation

A

Birth position in which the head is not the presenting part

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41
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Pregnancy in which a fertilized ovum implants outside of the uterus

42
Q

Gestational diabetes mellitus

A

Temporary disorder of glucose metabolism during pregnancy

43
Q

Incompetent cervix

A

Premature dilation of the cervix during the second trimester of pregnancy

44
Q

Mastitis

A

Inflammation or infection of the breast

45
Q

Morning sickness

A

Temporary nausea and vomiting in the first trimester

46
Q

Placenta previa

A

Incorrect position of the placenta in which it partially or completely covers the cervical canal

47
Q

Postpartum hemorrhage

A

Continual bleeding after delivery

48
Q

Preeclampsia

A

Hypertensive disorder with increased blood pressure

49
Q

Premature labor

A

Regular uterine contractions of labor that begin before the fetus is mature enough to be born

50
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary or permanent cessation of breathing after birth

51
Q

Fetal distress

A

Decreased blood flow through the placenta or umbilical cord causes lack of oxygen to the fetus

52
Q

Growth abnormalities

A

Growth problems associated with maternal illness, malnutrition, or smoking

53
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow discoloration of the skin

54
Q

Meconium aspiration

A

Inhalation of meconium that has been passed in the amniotic fluid

55
Q

Nuchal cord

A

Umbilical cord wrapped around the neck of the fetus

56
Q

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

A

Difficulty inflating the lungs to breathe due to a lack of the substance surfactant

57
Q

BRCA1 and BRCA2

A

Blood test that shows whether a patient has inherited the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation

58
Q

Estrogen receptor (ER) assay

A

Cytology test that examine malignant breast cells for estrogen receptors

59
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) test or smear

A

Cytology test to detect dysplasia or CIS of the cervix

60
Q

Antisperm antibody test

A

Lab test that detects antibodies against sperm in a woman’s cervical mucus

61
Q

Hormone testing

A

Blood test that determines the levels of FSH and LH released by the anterior pituitary and the levels of estradiol and progesterone released by the ovaries

62
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Test of the amniotic fluid

63
Q

Pregnancy test

A

Blood test to detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

64
Q

Ultrasonography

A

High-frequency sound waves that produce images of a developing fetus or structural abnormality of the pelvic organs

65
Q

Colposcopy

A

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a lighted instrument with magnification

66
Q

Colposcopy

A

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a lighted instrument with the magnification

67
Q

Gynecologic examination

A

Physical examination of the external and internal genital

68
Q

Mammography

A

X-ray procedure that creates an image of the breast

69
Q

Breast self examination (BSE)

A

Systematic palpation of all areas of the breast and underarm to detect lumps, masses, and enlarged lymph nodes

70
Q

Tanner staging

A

System of five stages used to describe the development of the female breasts from childhood through puberty

71
Q

Amniotomy

A

Rupture of the amniotic sac

72
Q

Apgar score

A

Newborn assessment at 1 and 5 minutes following birth

73
Q

Assisted delivery

A

Facilitation of delivery using a vacuum extractor

74
Q

Assisted reproductive technology (ART)

A

Procedures to assist in the process of conception

75
Q

Epidural anesthesia

A

Local anesthesia of the abdomen, perineum, and legs during labor and delivery

76
Q

Obstetrical history

A

Documentation of past pregnancies and deliveries

77
Q

Antiyeast drugs

A

Topical treatment for Candida albicans infection

78
Q

Drugs for amenorrhea

A

Correct a lack of hormones that contribute to amenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding

79
Q

Drugs for contraception

A

Suppress the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary to prevent pregnancy

80
Q

Drugs for endometriosis

A

Suppress the menstrual cycle to cause atrophy of endometrial implants in the pelvic cavity

81
Q

Drugs to dilate the cervix

A

Topical medications to dilate and efface the cervix during labor

82
Q

Drugs to induce labor

A

Stimulate the uterus to increase the strength and frequency of uterine wall contractions

83
Q

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

Treat the symptoms of menopause associated with a decreasing level of estradiol

84
Q

NSAIDs

A

Treat pain

85
Q

Ovulation-stimulating drugs

A

Treat infertility by stimulating the anterior pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH

86
Q

Tocolytic drugs

A

Suppress uterine contractions to prevent premature labor and delivery

87
Q

Biopsy (Bx)

A

Removal of a uterine tissue specimen to diagnose uterine bleeding and cancer

88
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Destruction of small areas of abnormal tissue in the cervix

89
Q

Dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

Removal of abnormal tissue from inside the uterus

90
Q

Endometrial ablation

A

Destruction of the endometrium

91
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Removal of the uterus

92
Q

Oophorectomy

A

Removal of an ovary

93
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Visualization of the abdominal pelvic cavity

94
Q

Salpingectomy

A

Removal of the uterine tube

95
Q

Tubal ligation

A

Removal of a section of each uterine tube to prevent pregnancy

96
Q

Lumpectomy

A

Removal of a small malignant tumor

97
Q

Mammaplasty

A

Procedure to change size, shape or position of the breast

98
Q

Mastectomy

A

Removal of the breast

99
Q

reconstructive breast surgery

A

Rebuilds the breast after mastectomy

100
Q

Cerclage

A

Purse string suture around the cervix

101
Q

Cesarean section (C-section)

A

Surgical procedure to remove a fetus through an abdominal incision

102
Q

Episiotomy

A

Incision in the edge of the vagina

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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