Unit 1.1a Types of joint movement

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

HINGE JOINTS ALLOW FLEXION AND EXTENSION ONLY.
Bending a joint. This occurs when the angle of a joint decreases.
For example, the elbow flexes when performing a bicep curl, the knee flexes in preparation for kicking a ball.

Question 2

Extension

Answer 2

HINGE JOINTS ALLOW FLEXION AND EXTENSION ONLY.
Straightening a joint. This occurs when the angle of a joint increases.
For example, the elbow when trowing a shotput, the take off knee extends when a high jumper takes off (the other knee is flexed)

Question 3

How does flexion work in a ball and socket joint?

Answer 3

Flexion of the shoulder occurs when the humerus (upper arm) moves forward from the rest of the body, which happens at the end of an underarm throw or bowl in rounders. Flexion of the hip joint occurs when the femur (upper leg) moves forward, which happens when long jumpers land or at the end of a kick in football.

Question 4

How does extension work in a ball and socket joint?

Answer 4

Extension of the shoulder occurs when the humerus moves backwards from the rest of the body, which happens at the end of the pull stroke in front crawl. Extension of the hip joint occurs when femur moves backwards, which happens in the preparation of a kick in football, or in the back leg as a gymnast preforms a split leap.
Ball and socket joint also allow types of movement called abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction.

Question 5

Abduction

Answer 5

Abduction is movement away from the midline of the body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder joint during a jumping jack moment.

Question 6

Adduction

Answer 6

Adduction is movement towards the midline of the body. this occurs at the hip and shoulder retuning the arms and legs to their original position of a jumping jack movement or when swimming breast stroke.

Question 7

Circumduction

Answer 7

Circumduction is where the limb moves in a circle. This occurs at the shoulder joint during an over arm tennis serve or cricket bowl.

Question 8

Rotation

Answer 8

Rotation is where the limb turns around its long axis like using a screw driver. This occurs in the hip joint in golf while performing a drive shot or the shoulder joint when playing a top spin forehand in tennis.