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Medical Terminology > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ur/o

A

Urinary system; urine

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2
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Infection and inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

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3
Q

Glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus

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4
Q

Nephr/o

A

Nephron

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5
Q

-itis

A

Infection or inflammation of

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6
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Condition in which urine distends the renal pelvis and calices or ureter

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7
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Formation of a kidney stone in the urinary system

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8
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone

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9
Q

-iasis

A

Process or state

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10
Q

Nephropathy

A

General term for any disease of the kidney

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11
Q

Nephroptosis

A

Abnormally low position of a kidney

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12
Q

-ptosis

A

State of drooping

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13
Q

Polycystic kidney disease

A

Hereditary disease characterized by cysts in the kidney

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14
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Infection and inflammation of the renal pelvis of the kidney

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15
Q

Pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

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16
Q

Renal cell cancer

A

A cancerous tumor that begins in the epithelial cells in the tubules of the nephron

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17
Q

Renal failure

A

Disease in which urine production decreases and may even stop

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18
Q

Acute kidney injury

A

Occurs suddenly, usually due to trauma, blood loss, or overwhelming infection

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19
Q

Chronic kidney disease

A

Occurs gradually, with renal insufficiency progressing to renal failure

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20
Q

Uremia

A

Condition in which there is excessive buildup of urea in the blood due to renal failure

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21
Q

Urinary tract infection

A

Bacterial infection somewhere in the urinary tract

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22
Q

Cyst/o

A

Bladder

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23
Q

Vesic/o

A

Bladder

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24
Q

Bladder cancer

A

Presence of a cancerous tumor in the epithelial cells of the bladder

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25
Q

Cystitis

A

Infection or inflammation of the bladder

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26
Q

Cystocele

A

Hernia in which the bladder bulges through a weakness in the muscular wall of the vagina or rectum

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27
Q

-cele

A

Hernia

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28
Q

Neurogenic bladder

A

Condition in which nerves to the bladder are not working properly

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29
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

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30
Q

Gen/o

A

Arising from

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31
Q

Overactive bladder

A

Condition in which the bladder has too many involuntary contractions, resulting in urgency and frequency

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32
Q

Urinary retention

A

Inability to empty the bladder

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33
Q

Vesicovaginal fistula

A

Abnormal passageway connecting the bladder to the vagina; urine flows through this passageway and continually leaks out of the body through the vagina

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34
Q

Vagin/o

A

Vagina

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35
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to voluntarily keep urine in the bladder

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36
Q

In-

A

Not

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37
Q

Contin/o

A

Hold together

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38
Q

-ence

A

State

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39
Q

Stress urinary incontinence

A

Caused by weak pelvic floor muscles

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40
Q

Urethritis

A

Infection or inflammation of the urethra

41
Q

Albuminuria

A

Presence of albumin in the urine

42
Q

Anuria

A

Complete absence of urine production by the kidneys

43
Q

Bacteriuria

A

Presence of bacteria in the urine

44
Q

Dysuria

A

Difficult or painful urination

45
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary release of urine in an otherwise normal person who should have bladder control

46
Q

Frequency

A

Urinating often, usually in small amounts

47
Q

Glycosuria

A

Presence of glucose in the urine

48
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

49
Q

Hesitancy

A

Inability to initiate a normal stream of urine

50
Q

Ketonuria

A

Presence of ketones in the urine

51
Q

Nocturia

A

Increased frequency and urgency of urination at night

52
Q

Oluguria

A

Decreased or scanty production of urine due to kidney failure or dehydration

53
Q

Olig/o

A

Few or scanty

54
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive urine production

55
Q

Pyuria

A

Presence of white blood cells or pus in the urine

56
Q

Urgency

A

Strong urge to urinate with a sense of pressure in the bladder

57
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood

58
Q

Creatinine

A

Blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood

59
Q

Culture and sensitivity

A

Test in which a urine sample is swabbed onto a culture medium so that any bacteria present in the sample can be identified

60
Q

Drug screening

A

Urine test performed to elevate whether an individual is using illegal, addictive, or performance enhancing drugs

61
Q

Leukocyte esterase

A

Quick urine dipstick test that detects the enzyme esterase

62
Q

Urinalysis (UA)

A

Urine test that describes the general characteristics of a patients urine and detects substances is it

63
Q

Albumin

A

Albumin in the urine is an abnormal finding that indicates damage to the glomerulus

64
Q

Color

A

Normal urine is light yellow to amber in color

65
Q

Glucose

A

Glucose in the urine is an abnormal finding that indicated uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

66
Q

Ketones

A

Ketones in the urine are an abnormal finding that suggests uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or malnutrition

67
Q

Odor

A

Normal urine has a faint odor

68
Q

PH

A

Normal urine is slightly alkaline with a pH just over 7

69
Q

Red blood cells (RBCs)

A

Presence of RBCs indicated bleeding in the urinary tract

70
Q

Sediment

A

Several types of sediment may be present in urine

71
Q

Specific gravity

A

Measurement of the concentration of urine as compared to that of water

72
Q

White blood cells (WBCs)

A

Presence of WBCs indicates a urinary tract infection

73
Q

Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

A

Radiologic procedures that uses x-rays and contrast dye to visualize the urinary system

74
Q

Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB) x-ray

A

X-ray of the kidney, ureters, and bladder that shows only those structures and does not use contrast dye

75
Q

Renal angiography

A

Procedure that uses X-rays and radiopaque contrast dye to produce images of the renal artery

76
Q

Ultrasonography

A

Use of high frequency sound waves to produce an image of the urinary system

77
Q

Voiding cyctourethrography (VCUG)

A

Procedure in which contrast dye is inserted into the bladder through a catheter

78
Q

Catheterization

A

Insertion of a flexible tube called a catheter through the urethra and into the bladder to drain urine

79
Q

Dialysis

A

Procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient who is in renal failure

80
Q

Intake and output

A

Procedure that documents a patients total amount of fluid intake and total amount of fluid output

81
Q

Urine specimen

A

Process of collecting a patients urine for testing in the office or medical laboratory

82
Q

Antibiotics

A

Treat urinary tract infections caused by bacteria

83
Q

Antispasmodics

A

Relax smooth muscle in the walls of the urinary tract

84
Q

Diuretics

A

Block sodium reabsorption the kidney

85
Q

Overreactive bladder drugs

A

Decrease contractions of smooth muscle in the bladder

86
Q

Potassium supplements

A

Replace potassium that is lost when taking diuretic drugs

87
Q

Urinary analgesics

A

Relieve pain in the mucosa of the urinary tract

88
Q

Bladder neck suspension

A

Procedure to correct stress urinary incontinence

89
Q

Cystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the bladder

90
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Use of an instrument called a cystoscope to examine the inside of the bladder

91
Q

Kidney transplantation

A

Procedure to treat a patient in end stage renal failure by transplanting a new kidney from a donor

92
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Procedure that uses a laser or sound waves to break up a kidney stone

93
Q

Nephrectomy

A

Surgical removal of a diseased or cancerous kidney

94
Q

Nephrolithotomy

A

Procedure in which an endoscope is inserted into the kidney through a slit in the skin

95
Q

Nephropexy

A

Surgical correction of an abnormally low kidney by suturing it into the correct position

96
Q

Renal biopsy

A

Procedure i which a small piece of kidney is removed for microscopic analysis

97
Q

Stone basketing

A

Procedure in which a cystoscope is inserted into the bladder, then a small wire basket is passed through the scope to grab and remove kidney stones from the bladder

98
Q

Urethroplasty

A

Plastic surgery to reposition the urethral meatus in male patients who have hypospadias or epispadias

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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