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Intro to Behavioral Neuroscience > Unit 1 review :( > Flashcards

Unit 1 review :( Flashcards

If i fail this test im done.

1
Q

Somatic Intervention

A

Changing the body affects behavior

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2
Q

Behavioral Intervention

A

Changing experience affects the body

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3
Q

Correlation

A

Body and behavioral measures overlap

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4
Q

What are DNA and RNA made of?

A

Strings of nucleopeptides

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5
Q

Transcription

A

DNA -> mRNA

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6
Q

Translation

A

mRNA -> Protein

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7
Q

Codon

A

Trio of nucelotides

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8
Q

Amino acid

A

3 nucleotides / codon

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9
Q

Protein

A

amino acids linked together

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10
Q

Southern Blot

A

Whether DNA is present

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11
Q

Northern Blot

A

Whether and how much of mRNA is present

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12
Q

How do you analyze tissue in northern, western and southern blots?

A

Take the tissue and grind it up

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13
Q

In Situ Hybridization

A

WHERE mRNA is expressed

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14
Q

How do you analyze tissue in In Situ Hybridization?

A

Take a slice and expose it to complimentary RNA strand (probe is labeled)

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15
Q

Western Blot

A

How much of a PROTEIN is being produced

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16
Q

How do you analyze the tissue in western blots?

A

Grind it up and run it through gel electrophoresis

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17
Q

Immunocytochemistry

A

Where proteins are being expressed

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18
Q

How do you analyze tissue in Immunocytochemistry?

A

Take tissue sections and expose to labeled antibodies

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19
Q

What does behavioral intervention measure?

A

mRNA levels/location
or
protein levels in particular structure

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20
Q

What did Golgi believe?

A

The body is made of 1 continuous neuron.

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21
Q

What did Ramon y Cajal believe?

A

There are multiple separate but very close neurons.
- more believable

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22
Q

What did Ramon y Cajal lead to?

A

Neuron doctrine and demonstration of synapses

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23
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

modifies and packages the proteins for transport within the cell

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24
Q

Where does protein synthesis occur?

A

Ribosomes

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25
Q

Anterograde Transport

A

Cell body to axon terminals

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26
Q

Retrograde Transport

A

Axon terminals to cell body

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27
Q

What are the 4 types of gilal cells?

A
  1. Astrocyte
  2. Oligodendrocyte
  3. Microglial
  4. Schwann Cell
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28
Q

Astrocytes

A

Absorb chemicals and remove waste from dead cells.

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29
Q

What do astrocytes cause?

A

Blood vessels to dilate

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30
Q

Microglial

A

Small cells that remove waste

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31
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Builds myelin sheaths in CNS

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32
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Build myelin sheaths in PNS

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33
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Spaces between myelin sheaths

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34
Q

Golgi Stain

A

Fill entire cell with fluorescent dye

35
Q

Nissl Stain

A

Fill only cell bodies with fluorescent dye

36
Q

What do tracing pathways help determine?

A

How one structures are connected through neurons (shows pathway)

37
Q

Anterograde Tracers

A

Show where cells send their afferents

38
Q

Retrograde Tracers

A

show where efferents arriving at a structure come from

39
Q

Ganglion Cells vs Nucleus

A

Ganglion: Cell bodies in peripheral

Nucleus: Cell bodies in CNS

40
Q

Nerves vs Tracts

A

Nerves: Bundles of axons outside CNS

Tracts: Bundles of axons in PNS

41
Q

Gray Matter vs White Matter

A

Gray: Cell bodies and dendrites

White: Axons (myelin)

42
Q

Afferent vs Efferent

A

Afferent: axons arriving into structure

Efferent: Axons leaving structure

43
Q

Projections

A

Axons going to another structure

44
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite sides of body

45
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of the body

46
Q

What is the autonomic NS divided into?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS

47
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A

Olfactory; smell

48
Q

Cranial Nerve 2

A

Optic; vision

49
Q

Cranial Nerve 8

A

Vestibulocochlear; inner ear

50
Q

Cranial Nerve 9

A

Glossopharyngeal; taste

51
Q

Cranial Nerve 10

A

Vagus; internal organs

52
Q

How many layers is the neocortex?

A

6

53
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

Rupture in artery leads to leak in brain

54
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

Blood clots lead to no blood entering the brain

55
Q

Glymphatic System

A

System in brain that removes waste materials

56
Q

CT Scans

A

X ray around the brain
- good spatial
- no temporal

57
Q

MRI

A

Magnets
- good spatial
- no temporal

58
Q

DTI

A

Diffusion of water identifies axonal pathways
- good spatial
- no temporal

59
Q

PET

A

Chemicals in blood
- good temporal

60
Q

fMRI

A

magnets and oxygenated blood
- good temporal
- okay spatial

61
Q

Optical Imaging

A

Light
- good temporal
- decent spatial

62
Q

TMS

A

Stimulation
- good temporal
- no spatial

63
Q

MEG

A

Local magnets
- VERY GOOD temporal
- good spatial w MRI

64
Q

Voltage vs Current

A

Voltage: Potential energy
- indicated by potential difference

Current: Rate of flow of energy

65
Q

What is resting membrane potential?

A

-65 mv

66
Q

Hyper-polarize vs Depolarize

A

Hyper: More negative

De: More positive

67
Q

What is the level for threshold?

A

-40 mv

68
Q

Graded Potenitals

A

Decay over time and distance

69
Q

What is conduction velocity affected by?

A
  1. Diameter of axon
    (larger faster)
  2. Myelination
70
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A

Produced by myelination
- faster
- jumps from nodes of ranvier

71
Q

EPSP vs IPSP

A

EPSP: Increases chance of AP

IPSP: Decreases chance of AP

  • both ligand gated
72
Q

Where does the membrane potential reach threshold?

A

Axon Hillock

73
Q

Spatial vs Temporal Summation

A

Spatial: Separate firing of neurons

Temporal: Multiple firing back to back

74
Q

Degradation vs Reuptake

A

Degradation: Breakdown of NT in synapse

Reuptake: Absorption of NT in synapse

75
Q

What are the 2 forms of graded poteniatl?

A

EPSP and IPSP

76
Q

What are EPSP due to?

A

Opening of sodium channels

77
Q

What are IPSP due to?

A

Opening of chloride channels

78
Q

Ionotropic vs Metabotropic

A

Ionotropic: Responsible for EPSP and IPSP
- fast

Metabotropic: Second messangers
- slow
- usually activate intracellular signaling

79
Q

Agonist vs Antagonist

A

Agonist: Increases activation of receptors

Antagonist: Blocks activation of receptors

80
Q

EEG

A

Electrodes on scalp
- VERY GOOD temporal
- poor spatial

81
Q

ERP

A

EEG with a time lock
- based on EEG at tone

82
Q

Optogenetics

A

Insertion of light sensitive proteins into cells

83
Q

Opsins

A

Light sensitive ion channels/pumps (what is inserted)

84
Q

What happens when opsin are exposed to light?

A

Open and begin pumping ions (changes membrane potential)

Intro to Behavioral Neuroscience (19 decks)

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