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Migration > Unit 1 Notes > Flashcards

Unit 1 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of migration?

A

Short term or long term, short or long distance.

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2
Q

What is the name of the migration model?

A

Push and Pull Lee’s General Migration model.

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3
Q

What is the first stage of the General migration model?

A

In someone’s place of origin, there will be a variety of factors - positive, negative or neutral.

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4
Q

What is the second stage of the General migration model?

A

In the place where someone wants to move to, there are a variety of factors - positive, negative, neutral.

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5
Q

What is the third stage of the General migration model?

A

If positive pull factors are strong, and negative push factors are strong, there will be a strong desire to migrate.

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6
Q

What is the fourth stage of the General migration model?

A

If there is a desire to migrate, the decision will be taken by deciding if they can overcome the obstacles that are in the way.

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7
Q

What is the Classification of migrants?

A

Voluntary or forced, temporary or permanent, National and International.

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8
Q

What is Voluntary Migration?

A

Someone moves due to their own decisions and free will.

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9
Q

What is Forced Migration?

A

Someone has to move through no fault of their own.

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10
Q

What are the reasons for voluntary migration?

A

Better opportunity, Gap year, Different opportunities, Education.

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11
Q

What are the reasons for forced migration?

A

War, Environmental disaster, discrimination, Deportation.

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12
Q

What is Temporary Migration?

A

Migration which has a time limit.

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13
Q

What is Permanent Migration?

A

Someone moves and has no plan to return to their original home.

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14
Q

What are the reasons for temporary migration?

A

Education, Gap year, Temporary work.

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15
Q

What are the reasons for Permanent Migration?

A

Natural Disasters.

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16
Q

What was the number of International migrants in 2000?

A

173 Million.

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17
Q

What was the number of International migrants in 2010?

A

222 Million.

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18
Q

What was the number of International Migrants in 2015?

A

244 Million.

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19
Q

What are the causes of International migration increasing?

A

Conflict, Increased Population, Cost of Living, Deportation, Work.

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20
Q

What are the top 5 countries for immigration?

A

USA, UAE, Spain, Italy, UK.

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21
Q

What are the top 5 countries for emigration?

A

India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, China, Mexico.

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22
Q

What is Globalisation?

A

The process of increasing interconnectivity and interdependence among countries and economies of the world.

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23
Q

What does globalisation mean for communication and transport?

A

Better world wide communication, better transport and trade links.

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24
Q

Which factors have increased globalisation?

A

Lower air travel costs, high speed rail, Growth of the Internet.

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25
Q

What do some argue globalisation is creating?

A

A borderless world.

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26
Q

How has globalisation changed the world?

A

People are able to move when looking for a job, money is moved globally, there has been a growth in world trade.

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27
Q

How has transport infrastructure increased migration?

A

Accessibility, Lower Costs, Connectivity, Job opportunities, Urbanisation, Tourism, Trade and Commerce.

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28
Q

How has transport infrastructure increased accessibility?

A

Highways, Railways, airports and seaports mean it’s easier for people to travel long distances in shorter times.

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29
Q

What type of migration does transport infrastructure increase?

A

Economic Migration.

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30
Q

How does transport infrastructure lower costs?

A

Efficient transport systems lead to lower transportation costs, making migration more affordable.

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31
Q

How does transport infrastructure improve connectivity?

A

Ensures smoother movement of goods and services across borders.

32
Q

How does transport infrastructure improve job opportunities?

A

More transport infrastructure means more jobs in industries such as construction and maintenance.

33
Q

How does transport infrastructure affect urbanisation?

A

Cities with well connected transport systems attract migrants who look for employment, education and healthcare.

34
Q

How does transport infrastructure affect trade?

A

Better transport infrastructure enables the movement of goods across borders.

35
Q

What happens as economic activity increases?

A

Demand for labour increases as well.

36
Q

How has transport infrastructure affected tourism?

A

Tourists who cross borders for leisure may choose to migrate permanently.

37
Q

How has communication infrastructure affected migration?

A

Information access, remote work, social networking, communication with family and friends, access to services.

38
Q

How has communication infrastructure affected information access?

A

Provides individuals with access to lots of information about different regions, empowering migrants.

39
Q

How has communication infrastructure affected remote work?

A

Individuals can work from anywhere, reducing the need to be present, migrants can move to countries with lower living costs.

40
Q

How has communication infrastructure affected social networking?

A

They allow people to connect with each other, providing an avenue to share experience, connecting with people in the same situation as you.

41
Q

How has communications infrastructure affected communication with family and friends?

A

Allows migrants to stay connected, making the idea of migration more manageable.

42
Q

How has communications infrastructure affected access to services?

A

Enables migrants to access essential services online, reducing logistical challenges.

43
Q

How has communications infrastructure affected cultural exchange?

A

Allows individuals to learn about different cultures and languages, creating a greater sense of familiarity.

44
Q

What happened to contactless payments in 2021?

A

The limit for contactless payments increased to £100.

45
Q

What is the greatest influence on travel choices?

A

Social Media.

46
Q

What % of people say social media is the greatest influence?

A

75%.

47
Q

What are the different types of global flow?

A

Food, Resources, Money and Financial Services, Migrants, Technology.

48
Q

What was the value of trade in food, resources and commodities in 2015?

A

$25 Trillion.

49
Q

What is the volume of financial transactions made in a day?

A

$5 Trillion.

50
Q

What has led to the growth of flows of technology and ideas?

A

Growth of social media and on demand streaming services.

51
Q

What happened to Global GDP in 2009?

A

It fell for the first time.

52
Q

What did the fall in GDP lead to?

A

Trade flows falling in value, many migrants returned home.

53
Q

What happened to the flows of trade services and finance between 1990-2007?

A

It grew, and then collapsed.

54
Q

What has happened to emerging economies since the financial crisis?

A

There has been a slowdown of countries such as Brazil, Russia, South Africa, Nigeria.

55
Q

How many internal migrants lived in cities in 2013?

A

750 Million.

56
Q

What are economic movers?

A

People who have moved voluntarily for reasons of work, and improved quality of life.

57
Q

What are refugees?

A

People who are forced to leave their homes, to travel to another country.

58
Q

What % of the world’s population are international migrants?

A

3-4%.

59
Q

Where was migration directed at in the 70’s and 80’s?

A

Developed cities such as New York and Paris.

60
Q

What did the old migration core lead to?

A

A core periphery system, as developed countries benefit from brain drain, making them richer.

61
Q

What is an example of brain drain?

A

Indian doctors joining the NHS.

62
Q

Which cities are big for immigration now?

A

Cities in developing countries, such as Mumbai, Lagos and Dubai.

63
Q

How has migration become regionalised?

A

A lot of international migration has been between between neighbouring countries.

64
Q

How many International migrants were in the USA, in 2000 and 2013?

A

2000 - 35 Million. 2013 - 45 Million.

65
Q

How many international migrants were in Germany in 2000 and 2013?

A

2000 - 9 Million. 2013 - 10 Million.

66
Q

How many international migrants were in Saudi Arabia in 2000 and 2013?

A

2000 - 5 Million. 2013 - 9 Million.

67
Q

How many international migrants were in UAE in 2000 and 2013?

A

2000 - 2 Million. 2013 - 6 Million.

68
Q

How many international migrants were in the UK in 2000 and 2013?

A

2000 - 5 Million. 2013 - 6 Million.

69
Q

Where are the largest groups of Sub-Saharan immigrants from?

A

Other Sub-Saharan nations.

70
Q

What is the time space compression?

A

The idea that the world has shrunk, as things are closer in time than they were in the past due to developments in transport.

71
Q

How long did it take to circumnavigate the world in 1700, 1930, and 1990?

A

1700 - 2 years. 1930 - 8 days. 1990 - 31 hours.

72
Q

What % of Africa owned a mobile phone in 2000, compared to now?

A

6%, compared to 60% now.

73
Q

How many people in India have mobile phones?

A

Over 1 Billion.

74
Q

What is an example of a social media group about migration?

A

Stations of the forced wanderers.

75
Q

Which plane made international air travel more common?

A

Boeing 747.

76
Q

How many passenger flights did Easyjet have in 2014?

A

65 Million.

77
Q

What does Doreen Massey say about the time space compression?

A

It’s socially differentiated, as not everyone experiences the sense of a shrinking world, due to income differences.

Migration (8 decks)

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