Unit 1 (Biochemistry) Flashcards

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2
Q

What two resources do bodies require?

A

Matter and Energy

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3
Q

What 4 macromolecules do humans obtain from food?

A

Protein, carbohydrates, lipids (fats), nucleic acids

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4
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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5
Q

What are the building blocks of lipids (fats)?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol a

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6
Q

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A

Simple sugars

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7
Q

A person’s daily energy intake is measured in…

A

kilocalories (Calories)

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8
Q

What enzyme (present in saliva) begins to break down carbohydrates?

A

amylase

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9
Q

What are some factors that can influence the effectiveness of an enzyme?

A

pH, Temperature, % of Enzyme, % of Substrate, Time

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10
Q

Proteins that acts as catalysts to carry out (speed up) chemical reactions.

A

enzymes

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11
Q

Breaking food into smaller pieces that can be absorbed and used by cells is called…

A

digestion(physical and chemical)

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12
Q

In cells, using molecules to synthesize (build) substances for growth or repair is called…

A

biosynthesis

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13
Q

Chemical reactions that release energy take place within what cell part?

A

mitochondria

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14
Q

The process of breaking down food to release energy is called…

A

cellular respiration(This takes place in the mitochondria and involves oxygen and water)

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15
Q

What is the molecule that can be used directly by cells to do work?

A

ATP(adenosine triphosphate)

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16
Q

Functions and examples of proteins?

A

Function: enzyme actionsExample: antibodies

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17
Q

Functions and example of lipids?

A

Function: making hormones and cell membranes.Example: saturated fats.

18
Q

Functions and examples of carbs?

A

Function: energy storageExample: glucose and starch

19
Q

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

20
Q

What are the elements that make up the Macromolecules?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous