Unit 1 Flashcards
What are the four macronutrients?
Water, fat, carbs, protein
T/F pumps require energy to move ions
True
A red blood cells is put into an isotonic solution; water flows which way
Both ways equally
You put a red blood cell into a hypotonic solution; water flows which way
Into the cell
You put a red blood cell into a hypertonic solution; water flows which way
Outside the cell
You put a red blood cell into an isotonic solution; solutes flow which way
Not going to flow since they are ions and can’t cross the membrane
What are some functions of water in the body?
Maintain blood volume
Transportation (nutrients)
Fluids for lubrication
Chemical reactions
Regulation of body temperature
Why is sweating most effective when humidity is low?
If it’s humid there’s too much water in the air; nowhere for the water to go.
What beverages are best for fluid intake?
Lower calorie beverages; exception if it’s something nutrient dense (milk)
How does the hypothalamus help regulate water intake
Notices amount of solutes in blood, which responds by stimulating the posterior pitutary gland. PPG releases ADH which tells the kidneys to retain the water. In turn blood pressure increases.
Describe the RAAS system
A decrease in blood pressure signals the kidneys to release renin. Renin along with angiotensinogen is converted to AT1. AT1 converts to AT2 through the lungs with the ACE enzyme. AT2 causes blood vessel constriction and causes the release of aldosterone. This tells the kidneys to retain the sodium and water is also retained to balance the sodium out. This leads to increased blood pressure.
T/F both pathways can occur at the same time.
True
What are ways overhydration can occur?
Too much water is consumed in one period
If the body has trouble getting water out.
How can overhydration lead to hyponatremia
The excess water dilutes the sodium in the body.
T/F If blood/plasma levels are out of range it is due to diet.
False. Something is wrong and the person has lost the ability to maintain homeostasis.
