unit 1

Question 1

The primary function of molecular membranes is the transport of ions and molecules in and out of cells. The movement of molecules from areas of low concentration to those of high concentration against chemical gradients is best described as:

Answer 1

active transport.

Question 2

To absorb large particles, cells engulf them within their plasma membrane in a process called:

Answer 2

Endocytosis.

Question 3

The organelle in the figure is found in:

Answer 3

plants and animals.

Question 4

Prokaryotic organisms lack:

Answer 4

Organelles.

Question 5

Which of the following cell membrane components are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?

Answer 5

Plasmodesmata

Question 6

Which of the following is the outermost feature on the surface of a plant cells but not animal cells?

Answer 6

Cell wall

Question 7

The passive transport of water across a membrane from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration is best described as:

Answer 7

Osmosis.

Question 8

You measure the concentration of a polar molecule inside and outside of a cell. You find that the concentration is high and gradually increasing inside the cell. You also measure the ATP concentration inside the cell and find that it is dropping. What would be your best prediction for the process that is occurring?

Answer 8

active transport

Question 9

Secretion of cell products like milk proteins and mucus from glandular cells is accomplished via:

Answer 9

Exocytosis.

Question 10

Vesicles:

Answer 10

bud off from the endoplasmic reticulum in the process of exocytosis.

Question 11

Which of the following organelles are enclosed by a double membrane?

Answer 11

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 12

What cell type in animals has a flagellum?

Answer 12

the sperm cell

Question 13

Which of the following cellular components contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the digestion of macromolecules?

Answer 13

Lysosomes

Question 14

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which _______________ converts to ATP, the “fuel” used by all living things.

Answer 14

cellular respiration

Question 15

Potential energy:

Answer 15

is contained in matter placed in certain positions or arrangements.

Question 16

According to the second law of thermodynamics, each conversion of energy is inefficient and some useable energy is converted to less useful _______ energy.

Answer 16

Heat

Question 17

Photosystems:

Answer 17

are arrangements of light-catching pigments within chloroplasts.

Question 18

Biologically speaking, a pigment:

Answer 18

is a molecule that absorbs a photon.

Question 19

Which form of photosynthesis minimizes water loss, but results in slow growth

Answer 19

CAM

Question 20

All alcoholic beverages are produced as the result of:

Answer 20

cellular respiration by yeast occurring in the absence of oxygen.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis?

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide

Question 22

What products of cellular respiration are necessary for photosynthesis to occur?

Answer 22

Water and carbon dioxide

Question 23

The phosphate groups in ATP:

Answer 23

All of the above are correct.

Question 24

How many rotations of the Calvin cycle are required for the production of one glucose molecule?

Answer 24

6

Question 25

Which form of photosynthesis is the most energy efficient?

Answer 25

C3

Question 26

Energy used in cellular respiration can originate from:

Answer 26

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Question 27

Fermentation reactions generally occur under conditions of:

Answer 27

low oxygen concentrations.

Question 28

Bubbles come from the leaves of an Elodea plant when it is put under water because:

Answer 28

oxygen is a product of photosynthesis.

Question 29

Scientific data:

Answer 29

are used to support or refute a hypothesis.

Question 30

Which of the following is the BEST way to state the relationship between “data” and “results”?

Answer 30

Data” are the facts you collect from your experiment, while “results” are your interpretation of what the data mean.

Question 31

If your hypothesis is “Echinacea reduces the duration and severity of the common cold,” which of the following is the BEST testable prediction for this hypothesis?

Answer 31

If echinacea reduces the duration and severity of the symptoms of the common cold, then individuals taking echinacea should get sick less frequently than those not taking it, and when they do get sick, their illness should not last as long.

Question 32

Scientific theories do not represent speculations or guesses about the natural world. Rather they are hypotheses—proposed explanations for natural phenomena—that have been:

Answer 32

so strongly and persuasively supported by empirical observation that the scientific community views them as unlikely to be altered by new evidence.

Question 33

An experimental condition applied to research subjects is called a:

Answer 33

Treatment

Question 34

A solution’s acidity is:

Answer 34

a measure of the H+ (free-floating protons) in it.

Question 35

Biological literacy is the ability to:

Answer 35

use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues that have a biological component

Question 36

Sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (the sugar found in milk) are examples of:

Answer 36

Disaccharides.

Question 37

A cell’s interior is considered isotonic to the surrounding fluid when:

Answer 37

the solute concentrations are the same within and outside the cell.

Question 38

Secretion of cell products like milk proteins and mucus from glandular cells is accomplished via:

Answer 38

Exocytosis

Question 39

In which organelle are lipids synthesized and modified within the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 39

the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (remember smooth, not the rough one)

Question 40

Cellular respiration is the process by which:

Answer 40

energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules is captured by an organism.

Question 41

Every time a source of energy is converted from one form to another:

Answer 41

some of the energy is converted to heat, which is one of the least usable forms of kinetic energy.

Question 42

Every time a source of energy is converted from one form to another:

Answer 42

some of the energy is converted to heat, which is one of the least usable forms of kinetic energy.

Question 43

Fermentation reactions generally occur under conditions of:

Answer 43

ow oxygen concentrations.