Ultrasound Flashcards
Gain
“turning up the volume” making things lighter or darker
depth
What depth is displayed, not depth of penetration
where should the probe maker be
towards pt’s head or right side
anechoic
“without echo”, no image only black
hypoechoic
darker
hyperechoic
bright
Isoechoic
appears similar
high frequency
high resolution shallow depth
low frequency
low resolution deeper depth
B-mode
“brightness mode”, 2D grey scale
M-mode
“motion over time” image slice displayed on Y axis then over time on x
what is mirror image artifact
when the probe wave hits an object and presents the mirrored object behind the object
a-line
artifact reflection of the plural.
b-line
edema
most sensitive view in supine pt
80-85 % senitive for FF. RUQ Morrison’s pouch is the most dependant area in the intraperitoneum
how much fluid does it take to result in a + FAST
200-500mls depending on position and how long
what is spine sign
reflection of spine in lung cavity + for a hemothorax (air should scatter the image of the vertebrae, when there is blood or fluid or consilidation the vertebrae will reflect off of them and appear on the bottom of the image)
Contraindication for ONSD
Globe rupture,
screw with results: bone flap, “bolt”, hydrocephalus, SAH
Optic nerve sheath > 6mm
Highly SPECIFIC for elevated ICP (ICP>20)
Does unilateral pupil dilation affect ONDS
No
Why do you need to confirm signs of brain herniation prior to administering hypertonic saline
The brain can become “desensitized” to hypernatremia, therefore repeat doses may be ineffective
what will you see on the RUQ
R kidney and liver “morrison’s pouch”. ensure to extend inferiorly to see caudle tip of the liver as that is where FF will collect first
what will you see in the LUQ
spleen, L kidney (stuff that gets in your way bowel and stomach)
where will FF initally collect in LUQ
supasplenic or above the spleen
where is the pouch of douglas
between the uterus and rectum
what does the subcostal view determine
pericardial effusion
cardiac activity
how do you differentiate a pericardial fat pad from pericardial effusion
look anteriorly. fluid collection should be grater there, therefore if absent = fat pad
