uk physical Flashcards
Igneous
Oldest rock formed from lava
Deep magma
once molten then cooled/crystalised
Most igneous rock are resistant to erosion
Eg granite
Sedimentary
formed when sediment erodes and deposited by rivers to sea or on sea bed some are resistant eg limestone
others crumble easier eg shell
metamorphic
sedimentary rock that are heated / compressed during igneous activity
Igneous distribution in uk
mainly found in north land eg Scotland and north Ireland
small areas in Cumberland
North wales / south west england / significant areas in east Ireland
limestone/ millstone/ grit/ coal distribution in uk
Large central areas of north england
large central areas in central Ireland
shales / slates distribution in uk
areas of east coast Ireland
much of wales
Scottish borders
Part of Cumbria
Metamorphic
Large area of northern Scotland including island + coast of north west and west Ireland
igneous characteristic
granite
Magma slowly cool deep underground
Extremely resistant
Jointed
Impermeable
Forms uks high mountains ranges. Eg
Grampain moutains + dartmoor
Metamorphic characteristics
Slate
Shale or mud change form when heated and compressed
Very resistant
Thinly layered
Impermeable
Usually in upland environments including cambrian mountains
Sedimentary 1 characteristics
Limestone
Shells fish skeletons + desd corals collected and compressed in oceans floor
Calcium carbonate crystallises around fragment cementing together
Heavily jointed
Resistant
Permeable and non porous
Forms upland environment eg Yorkshire dales in pennines with underground rivers and cave systems
Sedimentary 2 characteristics
Chalk
Same as sed 1
Medium resistant jointed permeable Very porous Pure form of limestone
Forms escarpments in lowland regions eg south downs
Sedimentary 3 characteristics
Clay
Deposition of mud by rivers or at sea
Weak not jointed
Slightly porous
Forms lowland environments eg cheshire plain
