U.D.B Flashcards
Dematerialization
The removal of physical attributes (e.g., information) in favour of non-physical ones
Examples:
Converting texts from ink to binary code, ID card to bank ID
Liquidity
Liquification is a consequence of the separation of information
from the physical world, allowing it to be easily moved about
Examples:
Streaming media
Viral memes
Pre-digital examples:
Ownership
Unbundleability
Unbundleability refers to the separation of ‘activities hitherto
well defined and held together in time and place and by actor’
Examples:
Movies (Cinema - living room - Wifi - anywhere)
Pre-digital examples
Banking/finance
Recordings
Rebundleability
Combining these liquid, unrestrained assets with others in
new ways to create new ‘value constellations’ / business
models (including material assets)
Examples:
Learning apps (replacing teachers with content creators
and algorithms; classrooms with phones
Density
The best combination of resources [that] is mobilized for a particular situation
— e.g., for a customer at a given time in a given place — independent of location, to create the optimal value/cost result”
Examples:
Airbnb (vs. hotel chains)
Duolingo (five content creators vs. millions of teachers)
Service Dominant (S-D) Logic
Service is fundamental basis of exchange, goods are just service-delivery mechanisms.
Product does not ‘store’ value, but enable its creation
Value is co-created by a network, including the ‘beneficiaries’!
Companies do not deliver value but coordinate co-creation.
Value is phenomenological, unique, and determined by ‘beneficiary’
S-D Logic: Relevance to digitization
Product ownership often irrelevant, as long as service is delivered
Service that products enable is rarely intrinsically embedded in a product
Value co-creation is achieved in networks and digital comms enable long-distance, real-time relationships
‘Beneficiary’ is a co-creator of value and can be mobilized to generate more value (digital tech facilitates mobilization)
AI
Artificial Intelligence refer to capability to learn, but does not mean machines possess emotional, moral intelligence in the way we think. It is about using algorithms /mathematical formula applied to data to solve a task.
A cognitive process: Learn from prior data and outcomes make a better output next time.
why don’t every organization use AI?
To figure out what it is to be used for
organize in a way that collecting and processing data is worth the effort.
Data alone is NOT the new gold. It is all about how it is interlinked with business processes
Data information Knowledge Insight 90% of all AI pilot cases are never launched.
Dynamic capabilties
How well the organization is at:
Sensing Change
Seizing opportunities
Transforming the firm
Structural rigidities
Incentive structure
Customer demands
ROI
Middle managers (never underestimate their influence!)
Attention structure
Attention based view of the firm (Ocasio, 1997)
Firms behaviour is determined by what they pay attention to
This is determined by the attention structure
’Bounded rationality’
Static competences
Static competences are important to the thriving of a firm
Tacit knowledge – Entry barrier
Quality, efficiency
But while they make you good at one thing, they are also inflexible and resistant to change
Identity
Mental boundary – the
”We don’t do that here”rigidity
Barrier to: expansion of industry (e.g., Danish pharmacies)
but also its reconfiguration (e.g., computer games esports events)
