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2nd day g12 > UCSP > Flashcards

UCSP Flashcards

1
Q

It came from a Latin word: Anthropos – means man and Greek word: Logos – means to study.

A

ANTHROPOLOGY

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2
Q

species can change over time, that new species come from pre-existing species, and that all species share a common ancestor.

A

Theory of Evolution (CHARLES DARWIN)

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3
Q

all societies passed through basic stages of development:

A

Progression of Civilization (EDWARD BURNETT TAYLOR)

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4
Q

basic stages of development:

A

Savagery
Barbarism
Civilization

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5
Q

Father of Modern Anthropology

A

FRANZ BOAS

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6
Q

Father of Philippines Anthropology

A

HENRY OTLEY BEYER

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7
Q

it analyzes anthropological concepts on holistic approach.

A

HOLISM

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8
Q

it analyzes culture by relating it to other cultures.

A

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

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9
Q

immersion: etic & emic

A

FIELDWORK

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10
Q

biological anthropology, studies man’s evolutionary.

A

Physical

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11
Q

studies human cultures through remains and artifacts.

A

Archeology

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12
Q

documents the structure and use of human language in different cultures.

A

Linguistics

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13
Q

studies the patterns of societies and its beliefs, practices, and behavior across cultures.

A

Cultural

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14
Q

sociology came from the Latin word:

A

socius – means companion and Greek word: logos – means to study.

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15
Q

Father of Sociology. He was among the first to apply the scientific method of the study of society.

A

AUGUSTE COMTE

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16
Q

integrates empirical research to social analysis. Help define and
establish the field of sociology as an academic discipline.

A

EMILE DURKHEIM

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17
Q

interconnectedness, sustainability, and balance.

A

Functionalism Perspectives

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18
Q

Battle of interest and competitions.

A

Conflict Perspectives

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19
Q

individualism

A

Symbolic Interactionism Perspectives

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20
Q

means city-state

A

polis

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21
Q

which means to know.

A

scire

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22
Q

is a systematic study of a state and its government, with the relationships of men in the community.

A

Political Science

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23
Q

3 branches of political science

A

Governance
Decision-making
Thinking

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24
Q

PERSPECTIVE IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

A

Family
Gender
Religion
Race and Geographical Location
Social Class

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25
Q

The study of culture, society, and politics are parts and parcel of a larger body of knowledge with the integration of systematic processes and scientific method.

A

SOCIAL SCIENCE

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26
Q

BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

A

Anthropology
Sociology
Political Science
Economics
Psychology, and Geography

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27
Q

It is a branch of science that deals with the natural world: its processes, elements, and composition.

A

NATURAL SCIENCE

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28
Q

Studies natural events

A

Natural Science

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29
Q

primarily focuses on human society and social relationships.

A

Social Science

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30
Q

stages the Philippine Ethnographic and terrestrial and underwater archaeological collections narrating the story of the Philippines from the past, as presented through artifacts as evidence of its pre-history.

A

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY

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31
Q

A form of research that involves long-term participation while observing the daily lives and activities of the people.

A

ETHNOGRAPHY

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32
Q

The idea that the whole is greater than the sum of the individual parts.

A

HOLISM

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33
Q

Applying ethnographies/ethnographic data to a single cross-cultural topic.

A

ETHNOLOGY

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34
Q

Existence, acceptance, or promotion of multiple cultural traditions within the fixed boundaries.

A

MULTICULTURALISM

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35
Q

Argues that there should be no international or universal standards of culture, all are equal.

A

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

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36
Q

When one judges another culture based on his/her own culture.

A

ETHNOCENTRISM

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37
Q

Documents the structure and use of human language in different cultures.

A

LINGUISTICS

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38
Q

Concerned with the origin, evolution, and diversity of people.

A

PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

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39
Q

origin of species

A

Theory of Evolution (CHARLES DARWIN)

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40
Q

Studies human cultures through remains and artifacts.

A

ARCHEOLOGY

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41
Q

Studies the patterns of societies and its beliefs, practices, and behavior across cultures.

A

CULTURAL

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42
Q

Group of people living together with shared customs, and laws, and organization in a specific location.

A

SOCIETY

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43
Q

It is a systematic study of human relationships, society, and interaction.

A

SOCIOLOGY

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44
Q

Father of Sociology and Positivism.

A

Auguste Comte

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45
Q

People attribute the different occurrences in: Nature (Seasons & Calamities) Society (Wars) Whim of gods.
Ideas are focused on non-empirical forces, spirits, and beings in the supernatural realm.

A

THEOLOGICAL

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46
Q

Divinely ordained natural order of things/scientific principles.
Ideas are focused on the essences of phenomena and rejection of appeals to supernatural.

A

METAPHYSICAL

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47
Q

Using rational thinking and scientific method.

A

POSITIVIST

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48
Q

he proposed an analogy for society as an organism composed of different parts. The society (through its various institutions) enforces laws, norms, and belief systems in order to regulate an individual’s behavior in becoming its productive member.

A

Emile Durkheim

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49
Q

he explains that societies rise and fall due to changes in economic relations. These changes are brought about by the conflict between the ruling class and the lower class.

A

Karl Marx

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50
Q

he explored the shift from traditional values as the main driver of individual actions in society to economic gains as the primary motivation for social action.

A

Max Weber

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51
Q

Refers to the ability to connect personal experience with larger social structures and to see the link between personal troubles and public issues.

A

SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION

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52
Q

treats the society as an organism whose parts (individual members) must work together in order to bring stability to the system.

A

Structural Functionalism

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53
Q

it focuses on how human social interaction exhibits continuous interpretation, assignment of meaning, and responding to signals in the social environment. Interaction with another person is influenced by a previous experience.

A

Symbolic Functionalism

54
Q

how different groups in society compete with each other because of scarce resources, unequal social structures, power, and resistance. It considers different social categories that may contribute to power struggles and conflict such as economic classes, gender, and race.

A

Conflict Theory

55
Q

Focusing on the bigger picture or large-scale analysis of social phenomena.

A

MACRO LEVEL OF ANALYSIS

56
Q

Focuses on the specific details of interactions and how people act or respond when they communicate to others.

A

MICRO LEVEL OF ANALYSIS

57
Q

Refers to absolute rule, power, and authority within the state. It makes the state an independent and autonomous entity.

A

SOVEREIGNTY

58
Q

it involves all aspects of running a country.

A

Politics as the art of government

59
Q

conducting debates, deliberations, and negotiations in resolving issues or conflicts concerning the state.

A

Politics as Compromise and consensus

60
Q

the state and government institutions.

A

Politics as Public Affairs

61
Q

the exercise of will (influencing political decisions) or force (military or police) in order to attain desired outcome.

A

Politics as Power

62
Q

Systematic Study of governance and policies, political culture and activities, power relations and ideologies.

A

POLITICAL SCIENCE

63
Q

It shows how the interactions between political actors (citizens or groups) and institutions result in the formulation and execution of policies.

A

EASTON POLITICAL SYSTEM

64
Q

The principle of separating government functions in formulating, enforcing, and adjudicating laws into different offices.

A

SEPARATION OF POWERS

65
Q

implementing or enforcing the law.

A

Executive

66
Q

responsible for formulating and amending the laws.

A

Legislative

67
Q

responsible for interpreting the laws.

A

Judicial

68
Q

A complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
– Tylor 1920

A

CULTURE

69
Q

A group of people sharing customs, law, and organization in a specific geographical location.

A

SOCIETY

70
Q

Refers to the process through which individuals learn and internalize the cultural norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors of their society.

A

SOCIALIZATION

71
Q

FILIPINO CULTURE IS DIVERSE

A

Family bonding moments
Hospitality
Happy point of view in life
Language
Dialect

72
Q

It helps us to express and convey message on its easiest form.

A

Arts
Religion
Through Food
Through Gesture, Behavior, Habit.
Through Tools
Through Fashion
Through Architecture

73
Q

Adherence to accepted behaviors, norms, standards, and values; acting as expected; maintaining the status quo.

A

Conformity

74
Q

People acquire culture through learning.
Culture is shared and transmitted
Something that an individual cannot possess alone, the patterns of learned behavior and the results of behavior are possessed by large group of people.

A

Culture is Learned

75
Q

Is a product of behavior and does not exist in isolation.
No man can acquire culture without association with others, it develops through social interaction.

A

Culture is Social

76
Q

Every society has a culture of its own and differs from one another.
Every culture is unique and not uniform; and it varies from time to time.

A

Culture is Relative

77
Q

It exists as a continuous process and in its historical growth, it became cumulative.

A

Culture is Continuous and Cumulative

78
Q

The hallmark of a society is the capacity of people to symbolize.
Humans create meaning using symbols. A symbol is an object, word, or action.

A

Culture is Symbolic

79
Q

Adaptation occurs through the use of technology. It changes lives worldwide.
However, it is also maladaptive because it leaves bad impact to environment and culture.

A

Culture is Adaptive and Maladaptive

80
Q

Is a tangible aspect of culture that members create and use.
Things that are physically tangible.
Examples: Food, Clothing and Fashion, Building and Properties, and Arts and Technology.

A

Material Culture

81
Q

Those that are not physically and empirically tangible.
Examples: Ideas and knowledge, Beliefs and Traditions, Symbols and Language, Values, Traits, Character, and Religion.

A

Non-Material Culture

82
Q

It is a society’s Standards of Acceptable Behavior. It is essential in a society because majority of the people pattern their way of living after them.

A

Norms

83
Q

formalized mores that are legislated, approved, and implemented in a society.

A

Laws

84
Q

Are moral norms, meaning they have an element of right or wrong.

A

Mores

85
Q

norms that are known to be the proper way of dealing with their everyday living and social interaction.
Example: Pag-mamano/“Mano po”

A

Folkways or Customs

86
Q

This are the means of the people on explaining the sense of their experiences or ideas that they hold to be true, factual, and real.
Example: Tabi, Tabi po

A

Beliefs

87
Q

These are representations or illustrations to represent a particular belief or meaning of something. People who share or practice the same belief or culture attach a specific meaning to an object, gesture, and image.
Example: A symbol of cross refers to Christianity while crescent shape is for Islam.

A

Symbols

88
Q

These are culturally defined standards by which people assess desirability, goodness, and beauty and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
Example: Filipino hospitality

A

Values

89
Q

is a very strong negative norm; it is a prohibition of certain behavior that is so strict that violating it results in extreme disgust and even expulsion from the group or society.
Example: Cannibalism

A

Taboos

90
Q

Process of shaping an individual’s behavior and mindset in accordance with a group or society’s values, traditions, and beliefs.

A

Socialization

91
Q

Is the primary group during an individual’s formative years.

A

Family

92
Q

People who have similarities in age, interests, and even social status who regularly interact with each other.

A

Peer Groups

93
Q

Develops values such as responsibility, discipline, and cooperation.

A

School

94
Q

Forms an individual’s values and beliefs system.

A

Religion

95
Q

Ensures individuals to comply with laws and programs it formulates.

A

Government

96
Q

Influences people through television shows, movies, and other forms of media.

A

MASS MEDIA AND SOCIAL PLATFORM

97
Q

Help society survive in its environment through economic production.

A

Economic Institution

98
Q

Aid in the enforcement of rules and norms on how people should behave.

A

Legal Institution

99
Q

Ensure that traditions, values, and beliefs systems are passed on.
Example: Cultural center, Museum, Libraries, theaters, opera houses etc.

A

Cultural Practices and Institutions

100
Q

Believes that an individual’s action and developments are not solely shaped by interactions with others.
Freud’s classified the self in three stages:

A

FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

101
Q

The part of an individual that wants to comply with social norms in order to be liked and respected by other members of society.

A

SUPEREGO

102
Q

Is the decision-making aspect of the human mind that seeks to strike a compromise between the demands of the Id without violating principles and values of brought about by the superego.

A

EGO

103
Q

At this stage the child tries to internalize and assign meaning to the various words and actions they pick up from their environment. (Infancy-2 yrs. old)

A

Preparatory Stage

104
Q

Children begin to understand certain interactions and gradually learning how to communicate (3-7).

A

Play Stage

105
Q

Individuals participate in more organized and rule-based games or interactions.

A

Game Stage

106
Q

Argues that the self continues to develop throughout lifetime. he explain that an individual discovers and develops himself or herself by being aware and adapting to the perception or others.

A

Charles Horton Cooley

107
Q

The looking-glass self describes the process wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them. Using social interaction as a type of “mirror,” people use the judgments they receive from others to measure their own worth, values, and behavior.

A

COOLEY’S LOOKING GLASS SELF

108
Q

are formed by groups that establish a constant set of practices and principles its members live by.

A

Norms

109
Q

is the act or practice of being at one with a group’s goal and adhering to the means of achieving those goals.

A

Conformity

110
Q

happens when the acceptance and internalization of group principle and values are not only practiced inside the group but are also upheld by the members when they are outside the group.

A

Private Acceptance

111
Q

members only comply with the group practices until they achieve their objectives.

A

Compliance

112
Q

the act of going against the established norms and practices of groups and society.

A

Deviance

113
Q

having a member with deviant behavior can strengthen the positive function of a group.

A

Functionalist Perspective

114
Q

explains that deviant behavior arises from social, economic or political inequalities in a group of its society.

A

Conflict Theory

115
Q

posits that individual exhibits deviant behavior when they are labeled as deviants.

A

Labeling Theory

116
Q

happens when a group member believes in the group’s objective but not the means to get there.

A

Innovation

117
Q

happens when a group member does not agree both the group’s goal and means of getting there.

A

Ritualism

118
Q

happens when members do not accept both the group’s goal and means of getting there.

A

Retreatism

119
Q

happens when an individual decides to completely change the course of the group by introducing a new goal and means to get there.

A

Rebellion

120
Q

A change in the genetic make-up of a single population.

A

Microevolution

121
Q

Also called speciation, is a change where species may diverge into another different species over a long period of time.​

A

Macroevolution

122
Q

It is the process where organisms genetically adapted to the environment are more likely to survive.​

A

NATURAL SELECTION

123
Q

Less exposure of the body to direct sun. It helped humans for thermoregulation.​
Freed arms to carry various objects. It allows humans to manufacture tools and use it for hunting.​
It helped humans improved long distance walking for hunting and gathering food.​
Vision for surveillance to look after the predators in the environment.​

A

BIPEDALISM

124
Q

This extinct hominin lived in Africa.​
Hominids share characteristics that made them a group.​
They are related due to bipedal locomotion.​

A

AUSTRALOPITHICUS AFARENSIS

125
Q

This was the earliest member of the genus Homo. Cranial capacity is larger than Australopithecus or any hominin species.​

A

HOMO HABILIS

126
Q

The earliest in the human lineage.​
Unlike other species, its cranial capacity is relative to the increased body size.​
Represents the transformation of the earlier hominins to modern humans. ​

A

HOMO ERECTUS

127
Q

Our closest extinct human relatives.​
There is evidence that during their time, they practiced some symbolic behavior like using of fire, clothing, living in shelters, and burial rituals.​

A

NEANDERTHALS

128
Q

humans adapt through the alteration of basic body structure when exposed to environmental conditions for a very long time.​

A

Allen-Bergmann’s Rule

129
Q

The capacity of human beings and societies to overcome changes in the environment through the modifications of their culture.​

A

CULTURAL ADAPTATION

130
Q

A concept that human culture changes. These includes beliefs, knowledge, customs, skills, attitudes, and languages.​

A

CULTURAL EVOLUTION

2nd day g12 (5 decks)

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