U1 KA4 : Proteins Flashcards
1
Q
What determines the function of a protein?
A
- their shape.
2
Q
What determines the shape of a protein?
A
- the order of amino acids when the protein is synthesised.
3
Q
What is an Enzyme?
A
- a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions.
4
Q
Give 1 Enzyme example.
A
- Amalase.
5
Q
What is a Hormone?
A
- a chemical messenger transported in the blood.
6
Q
Give 1 Hormone example.
A
- Insulin.
7
Q
What is an Antibody?
A
- a defence mechanism against specific viruses.
8
Q
Give 1 Antibody example.
A
- Immunoglobulins.
9
Q
What is a Receptor?
A
- allow a cell to recognise chemical signals.
10
Q
Give 1 Receptor example.
A
- liver cells for the hormone insulin.
11
Q
What is a Structural protein?
A
- provide strength and support for cell structures.
12
Q
Give 1 Structural Protein example.
A
- Keratin in nails and hair.
13
Q
Why does an Enzyme only work on 1 single substrate?
A
- because the active site of the Enzyme is complimentary to only one specific substrate.
14
Q
What is a synthesis reaction?
A
- when multiple small substrates are fused together by the complimentary enzyme, to make one large product molecule.
15
Q
Give 1 example of a synthesis reaction.
A
- Glucose 1 phosphate -> phosphorylase (enzyme) -> starch.
16
Q
What is a degradation reaction?
A
- when one large substrate is broken down by the complimentary enzyme, to make multiple small products.
17
Q
Give 1 example of a degradation reaction.
A
- Hydrogen peroxide -> Catalase (enzyme) -> Oxygen and Water.
18
Q
What factors can affect enzyme activity?
A
- Temperature and pH.
19
Q
What are the 5 types of proteins.
A
- structural
- enzymes
- hormones
- receptors
- antibodies
