U1 KA4 : Proteins

Question 1

What determines the function of a protein?

Answer 1

• their shape.

Question 2

What determines the shape of a protein?

Answer 2

• the order of amino acids when the protein is synthesised.

Question 3

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 3

• a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions.

Question 4

Give 1 Enzyme example.

Answer 4

• Amalase.

Question 5

What is a Hormone?

Answer 5

• a chemical messenger transported in the blood.

Question 6

Give 1 Hormone example.

Answer 6

• Insulin.

Question 7

What is an Antibody?

Answer 7

• a defence mechanism against specific viruses.

Question 8

Give 1 Antibody example.

Answer 8

• Immunoglobulins.

Question 9

What is a Receptor?

Answer 9

• allow a cell to recognise chemical signals.

Question 10

Give 1 Receptor example.

Answer 10

• liver cells for the hormone insulin.

Question 11

What is a Structural protein?

Answer 11

• provide strength and support for cell structures.

Question 12

Give 1 Structural Protein example.

Answer 12

• Keratin in nails and hair.

Question 13

Why does an Enzyme only work on 1 single substrate?

Answer 13

• because the active site of the Enzyme is complimentary to only one specific substrate.

Question 14

What is a synthesis reaction?

Answer 14

• when multiple small substrates are fused together by the complimentary enzyme, to make one large product molecule.

Question 15

Give 1 example of a synthesis reaction.

Answer 15

• Glucose 1 phosphate -> phosphorylase (enzyme) -> starch.

Question 16

What is a degradation reaction?

Answer 16

• when one large substrate is broken down by the complimentary enzyme, to make multiple small products.

Question 17

Give 1 example of a degradation reaction.

Answer 17

• Hydrogen peroxide -> Catalase (enzyme) -> Oxygen and Water.

Question 18

What factors can affect enzyme activity?

Answer 18

• Temperature and pH.

Question 19

What are the 5 types of proteins.

Answer 19

• structural
• enzymes
• hormones
• receptors
• antibodies