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ABC Course Material > Turbulence > Flashcards

Turbulence Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of turbulence?

A
  • Convective (or thermal currents)
  • Mechanical turbulence
  • Wind shear
  • Wake turbulence
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2
Q

What is turbulence?

A

Irregular motion of air from eddies or vertical currents; associated with cumuliform clouds and unstable air

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3
Q

What is convective currents?

A

Disturbed airflow resulting from air moving vertically in convective currents

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4
Q

What is mechanical turbulence?

A

Disturbed airflow resulting from air moving past or over obstructions

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5
Q

What is wind shear?

A

Drastic change in wind speed or direction over relatively short distance

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6
Q

What is wake turbulence?

A

Turbulent air (lift) behind aircraft that occurs

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7
Q

What is stable air?

A

Smooth and stable flying conditions since air will resist displacemment

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8
Q

What is unstable air?

A

Lifted and continues to rise on its own since lifted air is buoyant

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9
Q

What are signs of stable air?

A
  • Stratus-type cloud or fog
  • Low visibility when dust, smoke, haze, or fog are present
  • Steady precipitation
  • Consistent, steady winds
  • IFR conditions for ceiling and visibility
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10
Q

What are signs of unstable air?

A
  • Cumuliform clouds
  • Good visibility
  • Gusty wind
  • Showery precipitation
  • Thunderstorms
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11
Q

What are the two categories of turbulence?

A

Friction and Thermal

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12
Q

What is friction turbulence?

A

Caused by restriction of the movement of the wind

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13
Q

What are the three types of friction turbulence?

A
  • Mechanical turbulence
  • Shear turbulence
  • Frontal turbulence
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14
Q

What is mechanical tubulence?

A

Result of friction between air and ground, which causes eddies

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15
Q

What is shear turbulence?

A

Result of friction between opposing air currents

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16
Q

What is frontal turbulence?

A

Result of friction between two opposing air masses near frontal surface

17
Q

What is thermal turbulence?

A

Caused by rapid change of temperature in atmosphere

18
Q

What are the two types of turbulence initiated by heat?

A
  • Daytime convection turbulence
  • Cold air advection turbulence
19
Q

What is daytime convection turbulence?

A

Result of vertical currents caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surface

20
Q

What is cold air advection turbulence?

A

When cold air moves over warmer water or land, heating from below creates unstable conditions that favour convection currents and turbulence

21
Q

What are the intensities of turbulence?

A
  • Light
  • Moderate
  • Severe
22
Q

What is macroburst?

A

Large downburst with horizontal diameter of 4 km or more

23
Q

What is microburst?

A

A downburst of less than 4 km in diameter

24
Q

What is wet microburst?

A

Occurs when dry air penetrates saturated air leading to rapid evaporation and cooling of the air

25
Q

What is dry microburst?

A

Occurs when precipitation evaporates and the air cools and descends

26
Q

What is virga?

A

Precipitation falling but not reaching the ground

27
Q

How many types of wind shear are there and what are they?

A
  • 2 types
  • Directional shear
  • Speed shear
28
Q

What is directional shear?

A

When two winds blowing from different directions meet

29
Q

What is speed shear?

A

When two winds are close together and blow from the same direction but at different speeds

30
Q

What are the two classifications of wind shear?

A
  • High-level wind shear (HLWS)
  • Low-level wind shear (LLWS)
31
Q

What is clear air turbulence (CAT)?

A

Occurs when fast moving jet stream passes along slow moving one, it disturbs the air and creates turbulence

ABC Course Material (34 decks)

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