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TRAUMA > TRAUMA TRIAGE AND MANAGEMENT > Flashcards

TRAUMA TRIAGE AND MANAGEMENT Flashcards

1
Q

The process of prioritizing patient treatment during mass casualty events based on their need for or likely benefit from immediate medical attention.

A

Triage

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2
Q

Triage Categories can change based upon what 5 things?

A

1) Number of injured
2) Available resources
3) Nature and extent of injuries
4) Change in patient’s condition
5) Hostile threat in the area

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3
Q

Multiple Casualties is when the number of patients and the severity of their injuries __________________________.

A

DO NOT Exceed the resources and capabilities.

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4
Q

What are examples of “Resources?”

A

1) Time
2) Equipment
3) Personnel
4) Tactical situation as it relates to the number of patients

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5
Q

A Mass Casualty is when The number of patients and the severity of their injuries _______________________________________.

A

DO exceed the resources and capabilities.

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6
Q

During a mass casualty situation where resources are limited, What is the goal?

A

1) Identify needs

2) Distribute resources to provide the best care FOR THE MOST PATIENTS POSSIBLE

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7
Q

What are the 5 principals of triage?

A

1) Degree of life threat
2) Injury Severity
3) Salvageability
4) Resources
5) Time, distance, and environment

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8
Q

Within the 5 principals of triage, how is the degree of threat to life determined?

A

By considering the order of priorities identified during the PRIMARY SURVEY of an INDIVIDUAL PATIENT

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9
Q

What takes priority over an airway problem?

A

Massive Hemorrhage

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10
Q

How is injury severity determined?

A

By assessing the patient as a whole and NOT focusing on a single injury

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11
Q

In a mass casualty situation, what should NOT be preformed for victims of blast or penetrating traumas who have no pulse, respiration, or any other signs of life?

A

CPR

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12
Q

If the patients’ needs exceed the resources capabilities, they should receive a ______ priority.

A

Lower

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13
Q

During mass casualties the determining factor for resources is __________________________________________.

A

Whether or not you have enough resources

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14
Q

Military triage priorities are based on ______________________________________.

A

Returning the injured victim to a fighting capacity

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15
Q

What are the Categories of Military Triage?

A

IMDE

1) Immediate
2) Delayed
3) Minimal
4) Expectant

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16
Q

Immediate: Needs lifesaving interventions within _________________ on arrival to avoid death or major disability.

A

Minutes to 2 hours

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17
Q

After all life-threatening conditions are successfully stabilized for an immediate patient, no further treatment is given to the casualty until _______________________________.

A

All other “immediate” casualties are stabilized

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18
Q

What Category of Military Triage ?

Needs lifesaving interventions within minutes up to 2 hours on arrival to avoid death or major disability.

A

Immediate

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19
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Massive Hemorrhage

A

Immediate

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20
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

1) Massive Hemorrhage
2) Airway obstructions or potential compromise
3) Tension Pneumothorax
4) Penetrating chest wound WITH respiratory distress
5) Torso, neck, or pelvis injuries WITH shock
6) Head injuries requiring emergent decompression
7) Threatened loss of limb
8) Retrobulbar hematoma (threat to loss of sight)
9) MULTIPLE extremity amputations

A

Immediate

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21
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Airway obstructions or potential compromise

A

Immediate

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22
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Tension Pneumothorax

A

Immediate

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23
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Penetrating chest wound WITH respiratory distress

A

Immediate

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24
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Torso, neck, or pelvis injuries WITH shock

A

Immediate

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25
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Head injuries requiring emergent decompression

A

Immediate

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26
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Threatened loss of limb

A

Immediate

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27
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Retrobulbar hematoma

A

Immediate

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28
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Multiple extremity amputations

A

Immediate

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29
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Requires medical attention but CAN wait.

A

Delayed

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30
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Those who may require a surgical procedure, but whose delay in surgical treatment will not endanger the life, limb, or eyesight of a patient.

A

Delayed

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31
Q

Delayed patients must have NO signs of _____________.

A

Shock

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32
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Soft tissue injuries without significant bleeding and no signs of shock

A

Delayed

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33
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Fractures

A

Delayed

As long as their is no signs of shock

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34
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Compartment syndrome

A

Delayed

As long as their is no signs of shock

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35
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Intra-abdominal and/or thoracic wounds

A

Delayed

As long as their is no signs of shock

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36
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Moderate to severe burns with less than 20% of total body surface area

A

Delayed

As long as their is no signs of shock

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37
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Blunt or penetrating torso injuries without the signs of shock

A

Delayed

As long as their is no signs of shock

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38
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Facial fractures without airway compromise

A

Delayed

As long as their is no signs of shock

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39
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Globe Injuries

A

Delayed

As long as their is no signs of shock

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40
Q

What Category of Military Triage?

Can be treated with self-aid, buddy aid, or corpsman aid.

A

Minimal

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41
Q

What is often referred to, as “Walking Wounded?”

A

Minimal

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42
Q

What triage category casualties should be continued to be used for scene security or help treat the more seriously wounded?

A

Minimal

UNLESS THEY HAVE PSYCH ISSUES

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43
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Minor burns

A

Minimal

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44
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Minor Lacerations

A

Minimal

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45
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Minor Contusions

A

Minimal

46
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Minor Sprains and Strains

A

Minimal

47
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Simple, closed fractures without neurovascular compromise

A

Minimal

48
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Combat stress reaction

A

Minimal

49
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Require complicated treatments that may not improve life expectancy

A

Expectant

50
Q

When should you give pain medications to an expectant patient?

A

If resources allow

51
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Massive head injuries with signs of impending death or in coma

A

Expectant

52
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Cardiopulmonary failure.

A

Expectant

53
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Clearly dead casualty with no signs of life or vital signs

A

Expectant

54
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Second and third degree burns in excess of 85% total body surface area

A

Expectant

55
Q

What category of Military Triage?

Open pelvic injuries with uncontrolled bleeding and class IV shock

A

Expectant

56
Q

What category of Military Triage?

High spinal cord injuries

A

Expectant

57
Q

What level of burns is considered expectant?

A

Second and third degree burns in excess of 85% total body surface area

58
Q

**Civilian/NATO triage tag:

Black

A

Deceased/Expectant

59
Q

**Civilian/NATO triage tag:

Green

A

Minimal

60
Q

**Civilian/NATO triage tag:

Red

A

Immediate

61
Q

**Civilian/NATO triage tag:

Yellow

A

Delayed

62
Q

**What are the colors and meaning on a Civilian/NATO triage tag?

A

Black- Expectant/Deceased

Green- Minimal

Red-Immediate

Yellow-Delayed

63
Q

What allows for adjustment on patient response, to direct more in-depth treatment and prepare for a nine-line medical evacuation request?

A

Secondary Triage

64
Q

When should you begin the MEDEVAC/CASEVAC considerations and request the medical evacuation?

A

During Secondary Triage

65
Q

What is the continued management of patients where more complicated procedures should be weighed against the situation?

A

Tertiary Triage

66
Q

What simply and quickly categorizing patients; identifying and stop life threats. Breaks patients down into more manageable groups.

A

Primary Triage

67
Q

Immediate life sustaining care and assessing the scene fall under what phase of triage?

A

Primary Triage

68
Q

What phase of triage:

Care is limited to simple/quick interventions. Casualties are assessed and move to appropriate locations and assigned appropriate triage tags.

A

Primary Triage

69
Q

What phase of triage:

1) Document, reassess, and sort patients by their treatment needs
2) Provide medical treatment as appropriate and available
3) Begin the MEDEVAC/CASEVAC considerations and request the medical evacuation if not already done.

A

Secondary Triage

70
Q

What phase of triage:

1) Reassess condition of patients relevant to resources, transportation capabilities and medical facilities available to receive casualties
2) Determine the priority for DISPOSITION
3) CPR considered for non-traumatic disorders such as hypothermia, near drowning, or electrocution.

A

Tertiary Triage

71
Q

Early trauma deaths are due to disruptions in one, or all, of what three body systems?

A

1) Respiratory system
2) Vascular system
3) Central Nervous System

72
Q

What must be done before contaminated patients enter the treatment facility?

A

Decontamination

73
Q

Who can care for contaminated patients outside of the medical facility before they are decontaminated?

A

Medical Personnel in PPE

74
Q

Patients with retained, unexploded ordinance are treated _________.

A

Last

75
Q

What will improve the odds of a rapid recovery in Combat Stress Casualties?

A

Segregate them from other injured patients

76
Q

What is done prior to treating an EPW?

A

Carefully screen and Disarm

77
Q

**Combat Stress Casualties can be returned to duty what percent of the time?

A

80%

78
Q

Never utilize Combat Stress Casualties as ______________.

A

Litter Bearers

79
Q

**What level of combat stress?

Immediate return to duty or return to unit or unit’s noncombat support element with duty limitations or rest.

A

Light Stress

80
Q

**What level of combat stress?

Send to combat stress control restoration center for up to 3 days reconstitution.

A

Heavy Stress

81
Q

Heavy Stress Casualties are sent to combat stress control restoration centers for ____ days then returned to duty

A

3 days

82
Q

COMBAT STRESS:

BICEP stands for

A

1) Brief
2) Immediate
3) Central
4) Expectant
5) Proximal

83
Q

Combat Stress:

Keep interventions to __ days or less of rest, food, and reconditioning

A

3 days

84
Q

BRIEF

What does it stand for and what is the meaning of each?

A

1) BRIEF: Keep interventions to 3 days or less
2) IMMEDIATE: Treat as soon as symptoms are recognized
3) CENTRAL: Keep in one area
4) EXPECTANT: Reaffirm that we expect them to return to duty after brief rest
5) PROXIMAL: Keep them as close as possible to the unit. Do not evacuate if possible

85
Q

What are the phases of Triage in Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC)?

A

1) Care Under Fire
2) Tactical Field Care
3) Tactical Evacuation

86
Q

Which of the following would occur in Care Under Fire?

A) Get patients who aren’t clearly dead behind concealment?

B) Fire Superiority

C) Decompression of Pneumothorax

D) Perform an initial rapid assessment of the casualty

A

B) Fire Superiority

**Get the patients who are not clearly dead to COVER not concealment **

87
Q

What are the components of Care Under Fire?

A

1) Get the patients who are not clearly dead to COVER
2) Continue with the mission
3) Gain fire superiority

88
Q

What are the components of Tactical Field Care?

A

1) Perform an initial rapid assessment (SHould take no more than 1 minute)
2) Perform immediate lifesaving interventions (TQ, Needle D)
3) Reassess patient after lifesaving interventions
4) Prepare the casualties to move out of the area
5) Prevent hypothermia

89
Q

Majority of preventable deaths are a result of ____________________________________.

A

Inability to control external hemorrhage

90
Q

If a patient was an amputation, and you controlled the external hemorrhage. The patient was able to talk to you and obey commands as you were checking their radial pulse which was 2+. What triage level should they be categorized?

A

Minimal or Delayed

91
Q

If a patient was an amputation, and you controlled the external hemorrhage. The patient was able to talk to you and obey commands as you were checking their radial pulse which was 1+. What triage level should they be categorized?

A

Immediate

92
Q

If a patient was an amputation, and you controlled the external hemorrhage. The patient is not able to obey commands and has a weak or absent pulse. They require resources that you don’t have. What triage level should they be categorized?

A

Expectant

93
Q

__________________ does not allow for proper use of resources. Personnel must be delegated responsibility and given clear limits.

A

Micromanagement

94
Q

What is a CCP?

A

Casualty Collection Point

95
Q

Casualty Collection Points should be based on what 4 things?

A

1) Proximity to patients
2) Proximity to vehicular access.
3) Proximity to HLZ
4) Geography, safety “geographic triage.”

96
Q

What supports an integrated health services support system to triage, treat, evacuate, and return the casualty to duty in the most time-efficient manner?

A

Military Doctrine

97
Q

Where does Military Doctrine begin and end?

A

Begins with the casualty on the battlefield with the first responders

Ends in CONUS hospitals with higher capabilities of care and rehabilitation

98
Q

What is the Largest CRTS?

A

LHD

99
Q

What does CRTS stand for?

A

Casualty Receiving and Treatment Ship

100
Q

What are the types of CRTS?

A

1) LHD
2) LHA
3) CVN

101
Q

CRTS deploy as part of an _________________.

A

Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG).

102
Q

Who provides SURGICAL CARE to the MEF (Marine Expeditionary Force)

A

MEDBN

Medical Battalion

103
Q

Who provides support to the MEF (Marine Expeditionary Force) but does NOT have surgical capabilities?

A

Shock Trauma Platoon (STP)

104
Q

What is a Forward resuscitative surgical suite (FRSS)?

A

Forward deployed surgical suite developed due to the medical battalion being too large.

105
Q

A Forward resuscitative surgical suite (FRSS) branches off of _________________.

A

A Medical Battalion

106
Q

What has the highest level of care WITHIN a combat zone?

A

Level (role/echelon) 3

107
Q

What are examples of Level (role/echelon) 3 Facilities?

A

1) Fleet Hospitals

2) Hospital ships (USNS Comfort/USNS Mercy)

108
Q

The highest level of care available within a combat zone. Advanced resuscitative care is the primary objective of care.

A

Level (role/echelon) 3

109
Q

Definitive medical care is the primary objective at this level. OCONUS

A

Level (role/echelon) 4

110
Q

Restorative and rehabilitative care is the primary objective of care at this level. CONUS.

A

Level (role/echelon) 5

TRAUMA (1 decks)

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