Translation: Protein Synthesis

Question 1

define: translation

Answer 1

protein synthesis using mRNA as a template

Question 2

define: codon

Answer 2

A triplet of nucleotide which will code for an amino acid

Question 3

Start codon in Bacteria

Answer 3

formyl-methionine

Question 4

Start codon in Archaea

Answer 4

methionine

Question 5

Start codon in Eukarya

Answer 5

methionine

Question 6

3 stop codons

Answer 6

UAG, UGA, UAA

Question 7

molecule which serves as adaptor between codons and amino acids

Answer 7

tRNA

Question 8

a triplet of nucleotides; complementary to the codon in the tRNA

Answer 8

anticodon

Question 9

who came up with The Genetic Code?

Answer 9

Marshall Nirenbeg et. al.

Question 10

explain: Code degeneracy

Answer 10

~ 6 differenct codons per amino acid

Question 11

term for Loose base pairing

Answer 11

Wobble

Question 12

explain: wobble

Answer 12

3rd position of the nucleotide sequence in a codon is less important than the 1st or 2nd positions

Question 13

3 importance of Code degeneracy & wobble

Answer 13

for the Central Dogma to still be faithful; lessens point mutations , for the tRNA not to be very specific per codon

Question 14

define: Shine-Dalgaro Sequence

Answer 14

Same as promoter region (in Transcription)

Question 15

AGGAGG -10 bp from AUG

Answer 15

Shine-Dalgaro Sequence

Question 16

3 Major Steps in Translation

Answer 16

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Question 17

Enzymes involved in initiation

Answer 17

initiation factors

Question 18

direction of Elongation

Answer 18

5’ to 3’ direction along the mRNA

Question 19

3 sites during elongation

Answer 19

A (Amino-acyl/acceptor site), P (peptidyl, peptide bond site), E (exit site)

Question 20

2 Elongation factors

Answer 20

Amino-acyl & Peptidyl-transferase