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Tourism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tourist?

A

Someone who visits a place either on a day trip or by staying away from home for at least 1 night.

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2
Q

What is mass tourism?

A

An organised form of tourism in which travel, accommodation and meals are paid for in advance.

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3
Q

Why are both LEDCs and MEDCs keen to promote tourism?

A

It increases the number and variety of jobs, supports local industries and improves public services.

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4
Q

What is the multiplier effect?

A

When tourism encourages the growth of services and other businesses.

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5
Q

What economic benefits does tourism bring?

A

One of the worlds largest economic sectors producing £3 billion per day and for many developing countries, tourism is their main source of income

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6
Q

Why do Caribbean and Indian Ocean island states welcome the growth of tourism?

A

It gives them a change to earn money from something which isn’t just selling goods such as sugar or bananas.

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7
Q

Why do tourists visit cities?

A

Excitement, sightseeing, culture, shopping, nightlife.

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8
Q

Who visits the city?

A

Sight seers, young people and young adults.

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9
Q

What are some examples of cities?

A

London, Paris, LA, New York, Hong Kong.

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10
Q

Why do tourists visit the mountains?

A

Natural beauty, physical challenge, nature, winter sports.

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11
Q

Who visits the mountains ?

A

Recently retired people, people who enjoy nature, walkers, mountain bikers, climbers, skiers etc

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12
Q

What are some examples of mountains ?

A

Lake District, alps, rockies, himilayas, Andes.

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13
Q

By do people visit coasts?

A

Sun, sand, sea, water sports, outdoor activities, relaxing

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14
Q

Who goes to the coasts?

A

Water sports enthusiasts, young people, young adults, young families.

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15
Q

What are some examples of costal resorts?

A

Blackpool, Jurassic coast, Maldives’s, Miami, Palma nova.

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16
Q

What attracts tourists to the uk?

A

Historic things, scenic views, architecture, coasts and beaches, mountains, forests, cities, royal family, bridges, well known places, culture.

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17
Q

What are the 4 main external factors which influence a tourists decision?

A

Currency, security, economic activity, media coverage.

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18
Q

How does a countries currency effect a tourists decision to visit there?

A

If the countries currency which they are visiting is weak and their own currency is strong this means products in the tourist country would be cheaper making it better value for the tourist

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19
Q

How does a countries security effect a tourists decision to visit there?

A

If there have been recent incidents with terrorism, Rui would put tourists off visiting there as they may think that the place is unsafe and dangerous therefore wouldn’t want to be at risk.

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20
Q

How does economic activity influence a tourists decision to visit a country ?

A

If the place has an expanding economy, this probably means there is more money and jobs in an area and therefore more things to do + (consider opposite)

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21
Q

Why does media coverage effect a tourists decision to visit a place?

A

If there is good publicity about a place they would want to go to the place which is seen as good and safe however if there is bad reports they could be under the impression that the place is unsafe or not nice.

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22
Q

What is the butlers model?

A

A model showing the stages of tourism

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23
Q

What are the 5 stages of the butlers model?

A

1.exploration. 2.involvement. 3.development. 4.consolidation. 5.stagnation. 6.decline or rejuvenation.

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24
Q

What is stage 1 of the butlers model?

A

Exploration- small numbers of tourists attracted by something in particular.

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25
Q

What is stage 2 of the butlers model?

A

Involvement- local people see opportunities and start to provide food, accommodation, transport etc

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26
Q

What is stage 3 of the butlers model?

A

Development- large companies build hotels and advertise package holidays, the number of tourists increases.

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27
Q

What is stage 4 of the butlers model?

A

Consolidation- tourism is now a major part of the local economy, some hotels may begin to become unattractive and tourist types may change.

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28
Q

Why is stage 5 of the butlers model?

A

Stagnation- the resort becomes unfashionable and the amount of visitors begins to fall.

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29
Q

What is stage 6 of the butlers model?

A

Decline or rejuvenation- day trippers and weekenders become the main source of income. Rejuvenation means that attempts are made to modernise the resort.

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30
Q

What are the physical attractions in Blackpool?

A

Beach, Irish Sea

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31
Q

What are the human attractions in Blackpool?

A

Pleasure beach, pier, illuminations, tower, conference facilities.

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32
Q

What are the physical reasons for decline in Blackpool?

A

Coastal erosion, run down areas due to old buildings and decaying infrastructure, english weather, beach and sea pollution.

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33
Q

What are the economic reasons for decline in Blackpool?

A

It’s cheaper to stay somewhere hot and sunny abroad, the average stay has fallen from 5-2 nights.

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34
Q

What are the social and economic reasons for decline in Blackpool?

A

Hen and stag parties so families don’t want to go, unemployment out of season, low educational attainment, overcrowding, traffic and congestion.

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35
Q

What are the management strategies to manage Blackpool?

A

Beach clean up, new shopping centre-hounds hill, bid for super casino, new airport, 10 million invested, pleasure beach updates every week, m6 motorway upgraded.

36
Q

How effective have the management strategies been in Blackpool?

A

Lost our on the super casino to Manchester, unemployment still rising, visitor rates aren’t growing, occupation is still low, people mainly visit for a day or weekend, still has a mad reputation amongst many, political parties no longer hold conferences there.

37
Q

What is a national park?

A

A large area of attractive countryside where scenery and wildlife are preserved and protected so everyone can enjoy them.

38
Q

What are some human attractions in the Lake District?

A

Walking activities, water sports, mountain biking, museums, pretty villages.

39
Q

What are some physical attractions in the Lake District?

A

Mountains, lakes, waterfalls, forests, rivers, wildlife, beaches, views.

40
Q

What are some groups between which conflict could occur in the Lake District?

A

Bird watchers, tourists, energy companies, conservationists, farmers, home owners, army.

41
Q

What is a honeypot site?

A

A location attracting a large number of tourists who due to their numbers place pressure in the environment and people.

42
Q

How can littering and damage to a honeypot site be reduced ?

A

Picnic areas are provided with bins, tourists are either encouraged to dispose of litter or take it home. Not very successful as in 2014 volunteers collected 80 bags of rubbish.

43
Q

How is the problem of congestion on lakes in the Lake District managed?

A

10mph speed limit introduced. Effective as speed boating people were discouraged from using that Lake.

44
Q

How is the problem of footpath erosion managed in the Lake District?

A

Upland path restoration project and fix the fells. Volunteers set out on a 10 year project to repair footpaths and maintain them. Successful as stronger paths of stone meant that tourists didn’t need to Walk up hills.

45
Q

How were traffic issues managed in the Lake District ?

A

Restricted parking, park and ride schemes, main walk routes connected to improved public transport. Successful as more people are encouraged to walk.

46
Q

What attracts tourists to Antarctica?

A

Natural beauty, wildlife and penguins, southern lights, unique scenery and experiences, cave climbing, trekking, research, ice bergs.

47
Q

What are the positive impacts of tourism on Antarctica?

A

Tourists understand why conserving the area is important - more awareness of problems. Experience a new environment. Know more about climate change.

48
Q

What are negative impacts of tourism on Antarctica?

A

It’s hard to ensure tourists are following all of the rules as amounts of tourists increase, people don’t always understand why it’s important to sustain the area, waste and litter, sea and coastal pollution, disruption of animal breeding.

49
Q

What protection measures are in place in Antarctica?

A

In 1961 an international agreement came into place signed by 47 countries including the Uk. Limits amounts of tourists- no more than 100 visitors on land at any time, cruise ships carrying over 500 people aren’t allowed. Tourists can’t walk within 5 metres of wildlife. All tourists must be supervised by a guide. Fines from the country tourists are from if they leave waste, tourists only allowed to visit 3 months of the year.

50
Q

What is tourism?

A

Everything to do with tourists, including the activities they take part in and the services which support them.

51
Q

What is responsible tourism?

A

The idea of encouraging a balance between the demands of tourism and the need to protect the environment.

52
Q

What is an extreme environment?

A

Involves dangerous landscapes often with a difficult climate and places that are sparsely settled, access to which is limited e.g Antarctica

53
Q

What is a fragile environment?

A

An environment which is easily unbalanced or damaged by natural or human factors.

54
Q

What are some positive economic impacts of mass tourism?

A

Earns foreign exchange, income from tourism can pay for management, conservation and repairs. Increases size of domestic economy. Greater market for craft industries and construction jobs for local people.

55
Q

What are some negative economic impacts of mass tourism?

A

Number of tourists fluctuate so profits might not be made. Low income jobs, unskilled, low status, seasonal jobs created. Profits don’t always go to the host country- tourism leakage.

56
Q

What are some positive social impacts of mass tourism?

A

Local cultures and traditions might be preserved, development might stop our migration - less people move away.

57
Q

What are some negative social impacts of tourism?

A

Tourists might look down on locals or treat them badly. Loss of peace and quiet, many tourists prefer their own food so food is imported instead of locally produced. Local traditions might disappear in order to cope with visitors.

58
Q

What are some positive environmental impacts of mass tourism?

A

Infrastructure which is improved for tourists can also benefit locals. Greater awareness for the need to conserve the environment and preserve historic monuments. Income for tourism might pay for repairs and conservation.

59
Q

What are the negative environmental impacts of mass tourism?

A

Pressure on the landscape, loss of peace and quiet, pollution problems, destruction of the natural environment to produce roads and hotels.

60
Q

What is tourism leakage?

A

This is how money which tourists pay ‘leaks away’ from the tourist destination country through various things such as tour operators, airline country - where the airline company is from , + travel agent.

61
Q

What is ecotourism?

A

Where tourists visit a place however don’t damage the natural environment, is eco friendly and benefits local people by giving them more well paid jobs. More sustainable. More money stays in the host country.

62
Q

What does ecotourism aim to do?

A

Minimise damage to the environment, minimise damage to local culture, help social justice, be environmentally friendly, protect wildlife, protect well being of local people, be sustainable, limit amounts of tourists.

63
Q

What are benefits to the environment of ecotourism ?

A

Sustainable energy resources. Estate only caters for small amount of tourists. As locals are employed they don’t earn money by cutting down trees. Use solar power wind energy to reduce environmental impact. Tourist guides follow guidelines set out by conservationists.

64
Q

What benefits to local people does ecotourism have?

A

Use local guides and hotels, workshops conducted by locals, guides and staff are payed good wages, all hotels and campsites are run by locals, locals have more money so can send their children to school.

65
Q

What are some benefits to the economy of ecotourism?

A

80% of money stays in the area, guides and staff are well paid, all food bought locally.

66
Q

What is a package holiday?

A

Where you pay in advance for travel and accommodation

67
Q

What is conservation?

A

Stewardship on a smaller scale - people feel more involved

68
Q

What is stewardship?

A

Careful management of the environment on a large scale - locally, regionally and nationally.

69
Q

Why were the Masai driven off their land in Kenya?

A

In the 1970s to make way for traditional animals and tourists.

70
Q

Did the Masai in Kenya initially gain from tourism?

A

No they gained nothing

71
Q

What was set up in 1996 and what was its aim (Kenya case study)?

A

A wildlife conservation area with the aims of protecting both the local people and environment.

72
Q

What are the aims of the wildlife conservation area in Kenya?

A

Lease small areas of land to ecotourism companies, only allowed to build 1 hotel, one storey buildings only and buildings must blend in with the natural environment. Use local materials to build the hotel, buy local food.

73
Q

What attracts tourists to Kenya ?

A

Safari, annual migration of wild beast and zebra, national parks, Diani beach, culture, history, museums, coral reefs, hiking-ngong hills, nyali beach, mombasa island, menengai volcanoes, Rusinga island, jamia mosque, Mandy island.

74
Q

How do the Masai in Kenya benefit from ecotourism socially?

A

More children sent to school, better health care.

75
Q

What are some negative effects of ecotourism on the Masai in Kenya?

A

Some have turned to alcahol, some can’t read or write so are vulnerable to cheating operators.

76
Q

What infrastructure has been built in Kenya as a result of tourism?

A

Roads, airports and other facilities.

77
Q

What was set up in Kenya in 1997?

A

Kimana wildlife refuge, 3 tented camps owned by Kenyans.

78
Q

How do the Masai in Kenya benefit economically from ecotourism?

A

Paid about £1000 per year as rent, £70 to each land owner per month, some Masai men are tour guides.

79
Q

What attracts tourists to Jamaica?

A

Beaches (e.g doctors cave beach), mountains (e.g blue mountain peak), Dunns river falls - waterfall, greet grotto caves, jamaicas history and culture, bob Marley museum.

80
Q

What are green grotto caves in Jamaica?

A

Extreme, unique lakes underground.

81
Q

What are some positive aspects of tourism in Jamaica?

A

220,000 jobs created for locals, local culture kept alive, tourists can learn about local history, 45% of money Jamaica makes from abroad is from tourism.

82
Q

What are environmental impacts of tourism in Jamaica?

A

Coral reefs damaged by water sports and jet skis, the green morass wetland has been partially drained in order to reclaim land for hotels, clearing mangroves to attract tourists lead to coastal erosion, carbon footprint increased, one story hotels mean more land is used up.

83
Q

What are some economic impacts of tourism in Jamaica?

A

Businesses often miss out of they aren’t located along the coast, local farmers supply hotels, as Jamaican businesses become bigger they make more - growing economy and employ more locals, jobs can be seasonal, higher skilled workers have to move away.

84
Q

What are some social impacts of tourism on Jamaica?

A

Local culture kept alive, 220,000 new jobs, water for tourists is taken from local residents so residents on the west side of the island have little water, meet the people project.

85
Q

What management strategies have been put in place in Jamaica to maintain tourist numbers and reduce the problems caused by tourism?

A

Limit the development of mass tourism to already existing resorts e.g ocho rios. Spread small scale tourism to other parts of the island. Involve locals more. Coral reef management.

Geography (4 decks)

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