Topic 8: Genomic Sequencing Flashcards
What is a genomic sequence?
Is the sequence of nucleotide bases that can be determined for individual genes and entire genomes
What is bioinformatics?
The comparison of sequence data using computer and statistical analysis
Genomes from what species have been sequenced so far?
Disease-causing organisms, pests, model organisms for research
What do comparisons of genomes reveal?
That many genes are highly conserved across different organisms
What is phylogenetics?
The study of evolutionary history and relationships
What is sequence data used to study?
Evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms
What is sequence divergence used to estimate?
Times since lineages diverged (separated)
What are sequence data and fossil evidence used for?
To determine main sequence of events in evolution
What are phylogenetics and molecular clocks used for?
To determine main sequence of events in evolution
What is the molecular clock?
Used to show in species diverged,
Show differences in DNA or amino acid sequences,
Assume a constant mutation rate
What does sequence comparison provide evidence for?
Three domains – bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes
What is the order of main sequence of events in evolution of life? (9 things)
1) Cells
2) Last universal ancestor
3) Prokaryotes
4) Photosynthetic organisms
5) Eukaryotes
6) Multicellularity
7) Animals
8) Vertebrates
9) Land plants
What can the analysis of an individual’s genome do?
Predict the likelihood of developing certain diseases
What is pharmacogenetics?
The use of genome information in the choice of drugs
What can an individuals personal genome sequence be used for?
To select the most effective drugs and dosage to treat their disease (personalised medicine)
