Topic 6 Media Representations 2 - Sexuality, Disability, Gender Flashcards
Define ‘invisible elderly’?
Elderly people are very rarely represented within the media and are in very minor roles if they are represented. They suffer from negative stereotyping and it is represented as an undesirable state
Define symbolic annihilation?
The lack of visibility, under-representation and limited role of groups in media representations. They are omitted, condemned or in stereotypical roles
Define media gaze?
The way the media view society and represent it in media content. Media editors and journalists are white, male and middle class and therefore media content reflects their views
Define beauty myth
Women are assessed primarily in terms of their appearance and are expected to conform to male conceptions of female beauty. The cosmetics and diet industry all promote this imagery because they benefit from the profits
Define chavs?
The most demeaning and hostile stereotype of the working class. The working class are seen as ‘worthless, disgusting, frightening and threatening’. This stereotype appears in a wide range of media and sees them as benefit dependent and lazy
Define hegemonic masculinity?
A culturally dominant stereotype of what it means to be male – men are seen in the media to have sexual dominance, be independent and assertive, involved in risk taking and being physically strong
Define the pink pound
The gay and lesbian consumer market is large and affluent as such the media is responding to what the gay and lesbian audience want, by actively courting it through advertising campaigns and the provision of media products
Define disability?
A physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long term adverse effect on a person’s ability to carry out normal day to day activities
Define stigmatised identity?
A term defined by Goffman, an identity that is in some way undesirable or demeaning and stops an individual or group being fully accepted by society
How are women underrepresented in the media industry?
- underrepresented in positions of power
- marginalised in newsrooms (glass ceiling)
- twice as many male editors than women
How many reports are made by men?
77%
How many reports are made by women?
23%
How does the male gaze impact representations of gender?
- women seen as sexual objects
- images focus on their physical appearance
How are women underrepresented in media content?
- 84% articles about men
- men seen as more experts
- women more likely to be seen in relation to their family status
How many men accounted for those in lead articles?
84%
How does the media spread the patriarchal ideology?
- presents the male view of women in the interests of men
- women are invisible
- they’re trivialised, condemned and omitted
According to Connell, what does gender identities reproduce?
They reproduce hegemonic stereotypes of the roles and relation between men and women, eg, hegemonic masculinity and femininity
Who created the idea of the beauty myth?
Wolf
How has the beauty myth led to women being symbolically annihilated?
- bodies of real women have been rendered invisible and symbolically annihilated and replaced by an idealised youth obsessed beauty cult
- promote an unattainable view of women
- eg selena gomez
What are the 4 ways women are symbolically annihilated?
- women are hardly in the news
- women’s sport coverage is limited
- women’s invisibility in the media
- women in video games
What did Gallagher find about women hardly being in the news?
Gallagher found the activities of women are rarely news worthy compared to the activities of men
What did Gill argue about women hardly being in the news?
female issues and news are often marginalised by newspapers, and women’s pages focus on women as a special group with emotional needs
How does women hardly being in the news impact women in wider society?
- fewer female role models
- lack of ambition
- we become preoccupied with how we look
How many men were featured on the sports monthly in 2008?
177 men were featured, compared to only 13 women
