Topic 5 Water Cycle And Water Insecurity Flashcards
What is water insecurity?
three aspects of development that increase demand for water?
Three factors affecting the price of water?
The state where present and future water supplies cannot be guaranteed.
Industrialisation,more irrigation in commercial farming rising standards of living and increasing awareness of importance of water to personal hygiene.
Availability;reliability ;competing users and the supplier
An example of a transnational water conflict?
The river Nile is the largest river in the world and supplies 400 million people with water.90% of Egypt relies on water from the Nile. the problems occur when Ethiopia built dams to provide them with more electricity in order to develop.One concern is that Ethiopia will leave too much water in its reservoir during periods of drought affecting the flow downstream which could leave Egyptian farmers being unable to irrigate the crops leading to food shortages and malnutrition related deaths
What are the main outputs of a drainage basin?
How does relief affect the inputs and outputs of a drainage Basin system?
How does geology affect the flows In a drainage basin system?
Evapotranspiration,transpiration and river discharge
Altitude will affect the precipitation input (orographic or snow) the steeper the slopes the faster the runoff.
Geology affects the balance of flows. If geology is hard and impermeable there will be increased surface runoff and little infiltration and percolation . If geology is porous then it will be the reverse with little runoff and and much percolation.
What is frontal rainfall?
What is relief/orographic rainfall?
What is conventional rainfall?
Frontal rainfall happens when warm air which is lighter and less dense is forced to rise over cold dense air.Condensation forms causing rain
Relief rainfall is when air is forced to rise over barriers such as a mountain,it cools and condensation takes place.
Conventional is when the land becomes hot and the air above it becomes warmer than expands and rises,as it cools its ability to hold water vapour decreases causing condensation and then rain
Facts about Sahel ?
Some human factors ?
Physical factors?
Human factors do not directly cause droughts but they act like a positive feedback enhancing its impacts.The drought in Sahel put 19 million people at risk of food shortages as 80% of the country relies on agriculture.There were also deaths related to malnutrition.
Deforestation and overgrazing lead to desertification.
Physical factors is climate change (less rainfall leads to vegetation dying)
