Topic 5 Using Spec

Question 1

Define health

Answer 1

state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

What is a communicable disease

Answer 2

Diseases which can be spread between organisms

Question 3

What are non communicable diseases

Answer 3

Diseases which cannot be spread between organisms

Question 4

How can one disease (HIV) lead to a higher susceptibility to other diseases

Answer 4

A disease that suppresses the immune system makes individuals more susceptible to catching other infectious diseases such as tuberculosis

Question 5

What are allergies triggered by

Answer 5

An immune system reaction to a pathogen

Question 6

What are the four main types of pathogen

Answer 6

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Protists

Question 7

What do viruses do

Answer 7

Reproduce rapidly in the body
Invade host cells and use them to make new virus particles
Once the new viruses are made they cause the cells to burst
The cell damage makes us feel ill

Question 8

What do bacteria do

Answer 8

Damage cells directly or by producing toxins
Can reproduce rapidly in appropriate conditions: warm, moist areas with good supply of oxygen
Toxins released by bacteria can damage cells and tissues making us feel ill

Question 9

What does fungi do

Answer 9

Single celled organisms that have a body made up of hyphae
The hyphae grow and penetrate tissues such as human skin or surface of plants
Hyphae produce spores that can spread to other plants and animals

Question 10

What are protists

Answer 10

Single celled eukaryotic organisms
Many parasites which means that they live on or inside other organisms.
transferred to the host organism by a vector, such as an insect or mosquito.
They make us feel ill by damaging our tissues.

Question 11

What is HIV and How can HIV be spread

Answer 11

It is a virus that damages white blood cells which then makes fighting of disease difficult
It can be spread through pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding

Question 12

What is malaria

Answer 12

It is a protist which causes damage to the blood and liver as spread by an animal vector

Question 13

What is helicobacter

Answer 13

Causes stomach ulcers and spread through oral transmission of bacteria from vomit or faeces

Question 14

What is Ebola

Answer 14

A virus that causes haemorrhagic fever and spread through direct contact with someone else’s body fluids (eg blood)

Question 15

What is tuberculosis bacteria

Answer 15

A bacteria which damages the lungs and spread in the air as when an organism coughs or sneezes these droplets can be inhaled

Question 16

What is cholera

Answer 16

A bacteria

Spread when an organisms drinks contaminated water

Question 17

What are some ways of preventing infections being spread

Answer 17

Isolation 
Identifying infection 
Hygiene 
Disease vectors 
Vaccination