TOPIC 5: DNA

Question 1

genome (definition)

Answer 1

the entire genetic material of an organism

Question 2

Structure of DNA

Answer 2

• double helix (2 strands)
• Adenine = Thyme, Cytosine = Guanine (complementary nitrogenous bases)
• pentose sugar + phosphate

Question 3

2 Main Stages in Protein Synthesis

Answer 3

Translation&Transcription

Question 4

Protein Synthesis

Answer 4

• genes carry the code for proteins
• genetic code is read as triplets (codons)
• each codon codes for an amino acid HOWEVER the same codon can code for multiple amino acids

Question 5

Mutation (definition)

Answer 5

change in the base sequence of DNA

Question 6

Harmful Mutation

Answer 6

• if the mutation occurs with an enzyme, the active site will change shape and the substrate will no longer be able to fit
• the mutation changes the structure of the protein
• it can have consequences on the phenotype