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Geography Gr5 (term 3&4) Bosman > Topic 4 (Term 4) Minerals and mining in South Africa > Flashcards

Topic 4 (Term 4) Minerals and mining in South Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

True or false: Rocks are made of mineral water?

A

False - they are made up of Minerals

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2
Q

What is a resource?

A

Something that helps us meet our needs and wants

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3
Q

Give examples of natural resources

A

Sun, water, air, soil, fish, trees etc.

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4
Q

What is non-renewable resources?

A

Things (like minerals in rock) of which there are only a certain amount of. When we have used it, there will be no more! It cannot be replaced.

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5
Q

Name 8 minerals that are found in SA

A

Gold, Platinum, Diamonds, Iron ore, chrome, copper, silver, manganese

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6
Q

Which mineral is used to make steel?

A

Iron ore - which is made into iron - which is made into steel (also used for many other things like bikes, railway lines etc)

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7
Q

Which mineral is used to strengthen steel?

A

Chrome (the mineral - not the Browser!) - also used to colour paint dyes and glass

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8
Q

Which mineral is used for cutting, grinding and drilling?

A

Diamonds (also jewelry and polishing lenses)

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9
Q

Which minerals are used for making electronic devices?

A

Gold (also coins and gold bars and jewelry)

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10
Q

Which minerals are used in motor cars?

A

Silver (for the switches), platinum (in exhausts and spark plugs), and of course iron ore (steel)

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11
Q

Which mineral is used in electrical wiring?

A

Copper (also pipes, pots and pans)

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12
Q

Which minerals are used for jewelry>

A

Gold, Silver, diamonds

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13
Q

Which minerals have medical, dentistry and health uses?

A

Gold, platinum (treating cancer)

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14
Q

What can Manganese be used for?

A

To make steel stronger - and to colour glass

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15
Q

True or false - Coal is a mineral

A

False - it was formed from remains of plants (that lived in swamps 300 million years ago!)

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16
Q

Can you describe how coal is formed?

A

OK great (if you said yes): Check again on P68 of the textbook and also make sure you can draw a flow diagram of the process

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17
Q

What is a wetland with trees and other plants growing in it called?

A

A Swamp (watch out for Shrek!)

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18
Q

Name two provinces where we have big coal deposits

A

Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal

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19
Q

Name three important uses pf coal …

A
  1. Burnt as a fuel (to generate electricity or cook in stoves)
  2. To make liquid fuel (petrol and diesel)
  3. For manufacturing (lots of stuff)
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20
Q

Name a few big mining towns in South Africa

A

Johannesburg, Kimberley, Newcastle, Welkom (and many more)

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21
Q

What is the aim of mining?

A

To dig minerals and coal out of the earth

22
Q

Name two important forms/ types of mining

A
  1. Open pit (surface) mining

2. Shaft and deep level mining

23
Q

What kind of mining is where the digging starts at the top and makes a big hole?

A

Open pit mining

24
Q

What is a mining shaft?

A

A long tunnel dug from the surface straight down into the mine

25
Q

What are the trucks called that take the broken rocks to the surface of the mine

A

Skips

26
Q

Describe how mines pollute water (3 ways)

A
  1. Rain goes through mine dumps and gets polluted by dust and chemicals and then end up in underground rivers and water.
  2. Waste water from mines are pumped into a river.
  3. Acid mine drainage: polluted water that comes out of a mine onto the surface.
27
Q

Can you describe how a mine might affect the wildlife (plants and animals) of the area?

A
  • More animals on less land
  • Mine waste dumped on vegetation
  • Polluted water that animals drink
  • Less food and land (animals have to move)
28
Q

What is the problem with both waste water and solid waste material?

A

They contain harmful chemicals

29
Q

What is the deepest mine in the world called? And how deep is the mine?

A

Tau Tona (4 km deep)

30
Q

Name two ways that mines can be made more safe for the miners

A
  1. Cooling systems (cooling the underground areas of a mine - like spraying the rock with cold water)
  2. Ventilation systems (pumping clean air into the mine and polluted air out of the mine)
31
Q

Name the health and safety risk for miners

A
  1. Rockfalls (or tunnels caving in)
  2. Heat stroke
  3. Lung disease (like silicosis or lung cancer caused by mine dust)
  4. Accidents with trucks and explosives
  5. Floods
  6. Underground fires
  7. Poisonous gas
32
Q

Name some of the health and safety rules for mines

A
  1. Work areas must be checked regularly
  2. Machinery must be checked regularly
  3. Workers must be trained in safety
  4. First aid and training muts be provided
  5. Protective clothing for workers
33
Q

What is the process of digging out or removing valuable substances like minerals and coal from underground called?

A

Mining (surprise surprise!)

34
Q

Give an example of an open pit mine

A

Kimberley (in the Northern Cape)

35
Q

Make sure you can identify the following important parts of a working mine: Headgear, shaft, crosscut, skip, cage lift, mine props

A

Check your workbook for the picture and make sure :)

36
Q

Name three ways in which mining can damage the environment

A
  1. Destroys vegetation and wildlife
  2. Pollutes air and water
  3. Make lots of waste
37
Q

How does mining produce waste?

A

The left over rock and material (after extraction of the valuable minerals) gets thrown away on big piles called mine dumps.
These dumps have dangerous poisons that get into the air and water and is dangerous for the environment.

38
Q

True or false: Gold comes from Iron Ore?

A

False (it comes from Gold Ore of course)

39
Q

What are the thin strips that contain gold ore underground called?

A

Reefs

40
Q

True or false: Gold bars are called Idiots

A

False! Gold bars are Ingots

41
Q

What mineral is found in volcanic pipes deep underground?

A

Diamonds

42
Q

When do we talk about alluvial diamonds?

A

When flood waters wash the diamonds from the volcanic pipes into rivers or the sea

43
Q

Gem diamonds are ………….. diamonds

A

… flawless …

44
Q

Industrial diamonds are ……… diamonds

A

… flawed …

45
Q

What are gem diamonds used for?

A

Jewelry

46
Q

What are industrial diamonds used for?

A

Drilling equipment

47
Q

Can you identity the gold and diamonds areas on the map of SA?

A

Check again that you know about the Golden arc and some of the towns (like Oranjemund, Port Nolloth, Kimberley and Pretoria).

48
Q

Which of the following are NOT products of coal:

a. Ball point pens, b. Rubber, c. Dyes, d. Glue

A

a. Ball point pens

49
Q

Is it true that peat (dead trees that are covered with sand) turns into coal after severe pressure squeezes gas and water our of it?

A

Yes - 100% correct

50
Q

Name four important coal mining towns in SA

A

Sasolburg, Witbank, Newcastle, Dundee (make sure you can locate them on the map - look at your worksheets)

Geography Gr5 (term 3&4) Bosman (2 decks)

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