Topic 4: key words and concepts

Question 1

anatomical adaptations

Answer 1

physical structures that have evolved to increase chance of survival

Question 2

physiological adaptations

Answer 2

processes in the body have evolved e.g. shivering helps generate heat

Question 3

behavioural adaptations

Answer 3

actions, learnt or inherited, that increase the chance of survival e.g. cheetahs stalk their prey

Question 4

what are/how to use aseptic techniques?

Answer 4

• disinfect surfaces
• sterilise equipment to prevent growth of unwanted organisms
• flame necks of bottles on opening and before shutting

Question 5

define species diversity?

Answer 5

the number of different alleles in a population

Question 6

types of mutations

Answer 6

missense, nonsense, silent

Question 7

types of missense mutations

Answer 7

insertion, deletion, susbsitution

Question 8

new techniques to establish evolutionary relationships

Answer 8

• genome sequencing
• amino acid sequencing
• antibody-antigen interactions

Question 9

species richness

Answer 9

number of species in a habitat or community

Question 10

benefit of using species index

Answer 10

it takes into account the population sizes of different species in community