Topic 2 Cells And Control

Question 1

What does the process of mitosis form?

Answer 1

Two genetically identical cells

Question 2

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 2

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokenisis

Question 3

What happens in interphase?

Answer 3

The DNA replicates (longest phase of the cycle)

Question 4

What happens in prophase?

Answer 4

The membrane around the nucleus breaks down and the dna in chromosomes condense, becoming more visible.

Question 5

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 5

The chromosomes and the copies line up along the middle of the cell.

Question 6

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 6

Chromosomes are pulled to the poles (separate ends) of the cell.

Question 7

What happens in telophase?

Answer 7

New cell membranes form around the chromosomes at each end of the cell.

Question 8

What happens in cytokenisis?

Answer 8

The membrane closes and forms two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 9

What type of cell are formed by mitosis?

Answer 9

Diploid (23 pairs of chromosomes)

Question 10

How is DNA arranged in chromosomes?

Answer 10

In a double helix shape.

Question 11

Put them in order: DNA, chromosomes, gene from smallest to largest.

Answer 11

Gene, DNA, chromosomes.

Question 12

Which type of tumors are cancerous?

Answer 12

Malignant.

Question 13

Why are stem cells different?

Answer 13

They haven’t undergone differentiation and are unspecialised.

Question 14

Where are stem cells found in plants?

Answer 14

In the meristem.

Question 15

Where are stem cells found in humans?

Answer 15

In most of the body, but in larger quantities in bone marrow.

Question 16

What are some benefits of using stem cells in medicine?

Answer 16

1. Medical research
2. Growing new organs from scratch
3. Treating patients with currently incurable diseases.

Question 17

What are some issues of using stem cells in medicine?

Answer 17

1. Ethical issues, some people feel that embryos should be regarded as a person and not just cells.
2. Certain mutations have been observed in cloning stem cells.
3. Shortage of donors.

Question 18

What is the difference between adult and embryonic stem cells?

Answer 18

Embryonic stem cells are harder to obtain, but can differentiate into a wider range of cells.
Adult stem cells differentiate into smaller ranges of cells, but can be used in bone marrow transplants.

Question 19

What do stem cells do?

Answer 19

Replace damaged or destroyed cells by dividing by mitosis and differentiating.