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A. CE337 > TOPC 4: PPE > Flashcards

TOPC 4: PPE Flashcards

1
Q

Some common personal physical hazards

A

Struck by falling objects
*Eyes endangered by sharp objects, particles, chemicals
*Skin damaged by sharp objects, chemicals
*Limbs or body crushed by heavy objects
*Struck by moving plant and equipment
*Hearing damaged by excessive noise
*Respiration impaired by poor air supply, particles, chemicals
*Physical damage caused by heat, cold, weather
*Physical damage caused by falls, trips, slips

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2
Q

It is safer and in most cases ____ to eliminate hazards
rather than to ____ personal protective equipment

A

cheaper ; provide

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3
Q

Where adequate protection against the risk of accident or injury to health, including ________, having regard to the type of work and risks, should be provided and maintained by the employer, without cost to the workers, as may be prescribed by national laws or regulations.

A
  • exposure to adverse conditions,
  • cannot be ensured by other means,
  • suitable personal protective equipment and protective clothing
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4
Q

_______ should comply with standards set by the competent authority, taking into account, as far as possible, ergonomic principles.

A

Personal protective equipment and protective clothing

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5
Q

______should provide the workers with the appropriate means to enable them to use the individual protective equipment and should require and ensure its proper use

A

Employers

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6
Q

A competent person having a full understanding of the nature of the hazard and the type, range and performance of the protection required should:

A

(a) select suitable items of personal protective equipment and protective clothing;
(b) arrange that they are properly stored, maintained, cleaned and, if necessary for health reasons, disinfected or sterilized at suitable intervals.

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7
Q

Workers should be required to make ____ and _____ of the personal protective equipment and protective clothing provided for their use.

A

proper use of and to take good care

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8
Q

Workers should be ___ in the use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing.

A

instructed

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9
Q

Workers working alone on construction sites in confined spaces, enclosed premises or in remote or inaccessible places should be provided with an ____ and _____ in an emergency.

A

appropriate alarm and the means of rapidly summoning assistance

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10
Q

Where necessary, workers should be provided with and wear the following personal protective equipment and protective clothing

A

Safety helmets or hard hats

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11
Q

Safety helmets or hard hats to _____ from injury due to falling or flying objects, or due to striking against objects or structures

A

protect the head

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12
Q

are to be found everywhere on construction sites.

A

Falling objects, overhead loads and sharp projections

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13
Q

A small tool or bolt falling from _____ can cause serious injuries or even death if it strikes an unprotected head.

A

10 or 20m high

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14
Q

Head injuries often occur when moving and working in a ____, or when arising from such a position

A

bent position

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15
Q

____ protect the head effectively against most of these hazards, and should be worn whenever a person is on site and particularly when in an area where overhead work is going on.

A

Safety helmets

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16
Q

These areas, known as “_____”, should be clearly marked with safety signs at entrances and other suitable places.

A

hard-hat areas

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17
Q

These areas, known as “hard-hat areas”, should be clearly marked with safety signs at entrances and other suitable places. The rule applies to all: ____

A

managers,
supervisors,
workers and
visitors.

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18
Q

Safety helmets has _____ on top for impact strength, a _____ round the side and rear to guide water away, and can be fitted with a _____.

A

reinforced ribs; rain gutter; chin-strap

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19
Q

This helmet also has a built-in ____, which can be easily pushed up out of the way if required. The whole helmet is _____

A

safety visor; light and quite comfortable.

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20
Q

There are many different designs available, made for specific purposes.
For example, many trades -such as ______-find that helmets with a very short peak are easier to wear because they do not get in the way.
Some helmets contain _____ giving them great resilience and resistance to impact.

A

scaffolders; Kevlar fibers

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21
Q

Point to remember
Your safety helmet ____you only if you have it on.

A

protects

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22
Q

Point to remember
____ of all eye injuries can be prevented by suitable eye protection.

A

Ninety per cent

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23
Q

Where necessary, workers should be provided with and wear the following personal protective equipment and protective clothing:

A

Clear or coloured goggles, a screen, a face shield or other suitable device

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24
Q

Clear or coloured goggles, a screen, a face shield or other suitable device when likely to be exposed to eye or face injury from _______, and in particular during welding, flame cutting, rockdrilling, concrete mixing or other hazardous work.

A
  • airborne dust or flying particles, dangerous substances,
  • harmful heat,
  • light or
  • other radiation
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25
Q

Clear or coloured goggles, a screen, a face shield or other suitable device when likely to be exposed to eye or face injury from airborne dust or flying particles, dangerous substances, harmful heat, light or other radiation, and in particular during ______

A
  • welding,
  • flame cutting,
  • rock drilling,
  • concrete mixing or
  • other hazardous work.
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26
Q

Eye protection must be _____ to encourage workers to wear it.

A
  • suitable,
  • comfortable and
  • available
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27
Q

Many eye injuries occur as a result of flying material, dust or radiation when the following jobs are being carried out:

A

*Breaking, cutting, drilling, dressing or laying of stone, concrete and brickwork with hand or power tools
*Chipping and dressing painted or corroded surfaces
*Cutting off or cutting out cold rivets and bolts
*Dry grinding of surfaces with power grinders
*Welding and cutting of metals

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28
Q

In some industrial processes there may also be a risk from the ____

A
  • spillage,
  • leakage or
  • splashing of hot or
  • corrosive liquids
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29
Q

Some of these hazards can be removed permanently by proper ____.

A

machine guarding, exhaust ventilation or work design

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30
Q

For many hazards, for example, _________, personal eye protection (goggles, safety glasses or shields) is the only practical solution.

A

stone cutting or dressing

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31
Q

HAZARD ASSESSMENT:
Flying objects such as large chips, fragments, particles, sand, and dirt.

Chipping, grinding, machining, masonry work, wood working, sawing, drilling, chiseling, powered fastening, riveting, and sanding.

A

Impact

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32
Q

HAZARD ASSESSMENT:
Anything emitting extreme heat.

Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dipping, and welding.

A

Heat

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33
Q

HAZARD ASSESSMENT:
Splash, fumes, vapors, and irritating mists
Acid and chemical handling, degreasing, plating.

A

Chemicals

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34
Q

HAZARD ASSESSMENT:
Harmful Dust.
Woodworking, buffing, and general dusty conditions.

A

Dust

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35
Q

HAZARD ASSESSMENT:
Radiant energy, glare, and intense light
Welding, torch-cutting, brazing, soldering, and laser work.

A

Optical Radiation

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36
Q

can protect eyes from low energy impacts and depending on the lens characteristics glare, UV and IR radiation. Lenses usually made of toughened glass or polycarbonate.

A

Safety spectacles

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37
Q

Safety spectacles: Lenses usually made of ______

A

toughened glass or polycarbonate.

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38
Q

Available in a range of styles and most frames have adjustment, so that they can be matched to the wearer. Most manufacturers can supply safety spectacles with ____

A

prescription lenses

39
Q

can protect eyes against medium impacts and depending on design and marking against droplets and coarse dust, as they form a seal around the entire periphery of the face.

A

Goggles

40
Q

Goggles: The lenses are usually made of

A

antifog coated polycarbonate or toughened glass.

40
Q

Can protect eyes and face against impacts, liquid splash and hazards like molten metal splash or electric arcs etc.

A

Face shields

41
Q

Usually have adjustable ____ fitted with either a one piece ear shield protecting the entire face, ____into which lenses are fitted. Some designs integrate head, eye and respiratory protective in one unit.

A

headband or harness; a metal mesh screen or an opaque shield

42
Q

Noise which is continuous at a level of _____ or more is injurious to hearing.

A

85-90 decibels (dB(A))

43
Q

____is an absolutely prime human sensory ability.
Loss of ____can destroy a person’s life, so all measures must be taken to protect it.

A

Eyesight ; sight

44
Q

Use appropriate ____ if you work with or near a noisy machine and make sure they fit properly and are comfortable.

A

earmuffs or ear plugs

45
Q

Wear them all the time you are in a noisy part of the site. It is not true that ____ make it more difficult to understand speech or hear warning signals, as they also reduce unwanted noise; the signal can actually be heard more easily.

A

ear protectors

46
Q

Keep your hearing protection ____ when you are not using it and insert ear plugs with clean hands.

A

clean and in a safe place

47
Q

______: if the earmuffs no longer fit properly or the seals have become hard or damaged, ask for a replacement.

A

Look out for damage

48
Q

Point to remember:
If you have to ____ to make yourself heard by someone about 1m away
there is a noise problem requiring action.

A

shout

49
Q

This is a very strong helmet, the _____ giving it great resilience and resistance to impact.
The addition of the ____ provide the wearer with comprehensive protection for one item of PPE.
This kit offers ear and eye protection that snaps into ____

A

Kevlar fibers ; ear and eye protection ; standard hard hat and helmet attachment slots.

50
Q

___ are extremely vulnerable to accidental injury, and in construction more injuries are caused to hands and wrists than to any other part of the body.

A

Hands

51
Q

They are largely preventable by better manual handling techniques and equipment, and by wearing suitable hand protection such as protective gloves and gauntlets.

A

Open wounds, abrasions, fractures, dislocations, strains, amputations and burns occur.

52
Q

They are largely preventable by better manual handling techniques and equipment, and by wearing suitable hand protection such as _____

A

protective gloves and gauntlets.

53
Q

Hazardous hand tasks

A
  • Operations involving contact with rough, sharp or jagged surfaces;
  • Contact with or splashes from hot, corrosive or toxic substances such as bitumen and resins;
  • Working with vibratory machines such as pneumatic drills where some cushioning of the vibrations is desirable;
  • Electrical work in humid and cold weather
54
Q

are one of the cheapest and most obvious items of PPE yet they can serve an important function in OS&H. Nevertheless, many workers are not supplied with gloves so they have to work with their bare hands.

A

Gloves

54
Q

Gloves with a thin plastic coating, can be used for work requiring dexterity, such as ______

A

bricklaying and component assembly

55
Q

_____ giving exceptional grip, dexterity and durability.
Excellent abrasion and tear resistance.

A

Thicker latex coated palm

55
Q

Some gloves have an anti-bacterial treatment to reduce ____.

A

odors

56
Q

Use of heavy duty gloves for ___

A

steel-fixing

57
Q

Foot injuries fall into two broad types:

A

1 Those due to penetration of the sole by sharp objects
2 Those due to crushing by falling materials

57
Q

Those due to penetration of the sole by sharp objects such as _____

A

nails which have not been knocked down or removed.

58
Q

Those due to crushing by falling materials, which can be minimized by ____

A

wearing protective footwear

59
Q

The type of safety shoes or boots to be used will depend on the ____ (e.g. the presence of ground water on construction sites), but all safety footwear should have an ____

A

nature of the work; impenetrable sole and uppers with a steel toe-cap.

60
Q

There are many types of safety footwear now available such as:

A

*Light, low-cut leather safety shoes for climbing jobs;
*Normal safety shoes or boots for heavy-duty work;
*Rubber or plastic safety wellingtons or gumboots which provide protection against corrosive substances, chemicals and water.

61
Q

The two main requirements of a safety boot:

A

1.Resistant to crushing and penetration through the sole.
2.Boots should have labels to identify their specification.

62
Q

The ILO Code requires:

A

(h) waterproof clothing and head coverings when working in adverse weather conditions
and
(k) distinguishing clothing or reflective devices or otherwise conspicuously visible material when there is regular exposure to danger from moving vehicles

62
Q

Provision of _____ makes economic sense to the employer because it allows work to continue in wet conditions (assuming of course that workers are not forced to work in these conditions anyway).

A

waterproof clothing

63
Q

Modern fabrics ‘_____’ so allowing moisture to escape and avoid condensation.

A

breathe

64
Q

Modern fabrics are also ____, so they are much easier to work in than those available a couple of decades ago.

A

light and strong

65
Q

Modern waterproof clothing is also usually ____

A

high visibility
(‘hi-viz’).

66
Q

A worker is using a heavy pneumatic breaker to break up a concrete slabon the pavement beside a city street next to a building under construction. What protective clothing and equipment should he be wearing?

A

Helmet*
Gloves
Boots
Hi-Vizclothing*
Ear defenders*
Goggles*
Work wear (egoveralls)
Waterproofs if needed

67
Q

On construction sites there are often tasks where harmful dust, mist or gas may be present, such as:

A

*Rock crushing and handling
*Sandblasting
*Dismantling buildings containing asbestos insulation
*Welding or cutting materials with coatings containing zinc, lead, nickel or cadmium
*Paint spraying
*Blasting

68
Q

The correct type of respirator will depend upon the ____ , and you need to be trained in its use, cleaning and maintenance

A

hazard and the work conditions

68
Q

Whenever there is doubt about the presence of toxic substances in the atmosphere, a ____ must be worn.

A

respirator

69
Q

Advice on suitable types of respirator and filter should be sought from ____

A

appropriate safety and health authorities

70
Q

The simplest masks are ____. Remember that these are only effective against nuisance dusts

A

disposable paper types

71
Q

Three types of half-face mask with filters

A
  1. Prefilter- Dust filter
  2. Gas Filter
  3. Combination filter
72
Q

For protection against airborne particles, e.g. stone dust, with a ____ fitted in the cartridge (note, these filters have a specific lifetime and should be changed as necessary).

A

Half-face mask 1: dust/ coarse filter

73
Q

For protection against gases and fumes, e.g. when using paints containing solvents, with a filter containing activated carbon.

A

Half-face mask 2: Gas filter

74
Q

Α _____ containing both a dust and a gas filter. Cartridges must be replaced regularly.

A

Half-face mask 3: Combination filter

75
Q

From the ILO Code:”
Where necessary, workers should be provided with and wear the following personal protective equipment and protective clothing:
(i)_____ with independently secured lifelines where protection against falls cannot be provided by other appropriate means;

A

safety harnesses

76
Q

The majority of fatal accidents in construction are due ____. Where work cannot be done from a scaffold or ladder, or from a mobile access platform, the wearing of a _____ may be the only way to prevent serious injury or death.

A

to falls from heights; safety harness

77
Q

Another common situation in which a safety harness may be used –sometimes supplemented by the use of a safety net –is _____

A

maintenance work on steel structures such as bridges and pylons.

78
Q

There are many types of safety belt and safety harness available.
The manufacturer or supplier should be asked for advice on suitable types for the intended purpose and for instructions on use and maintenance.
A _____should always be used in preference to a safety belt.

A

full safety harness

78
Q

A safety harness and its lanyard must:

A

*Limit a fall to a drop of not more than 2m by means of an inertia device.
*Βe strong enough to support a person’s weight.
*Βe attached to a strong structure through a firm anchorage point above the person.

79
Q

A huge range of safety harnesses (sometimes called ‘_____’) is available and expert advice is required to select the most suitable.

A

fall arresters

80
Q

One of the real problems with currently available PPE is that most of it seems to have been designed for _____. Smaller people are not well provided for; to give an example, safety boots size ____ are difficult to obtain, and safety clothing and especially safety harness are often unsuitable for women’s physique.

A

quite strongly built males; Eu 36

81
Q

What factors may limit the widespread use of PPE?

A
  • Cost
  • Gets in the way of working
  • Only suitable for well-built males
  • Not suitable for hot and/or humid climates
82
Q

Common arguments:
But there are also economic benefits from the avoidance of injuries and more efficient working.

A

Cost

83
Q

Common arguments: This is an issue, especially with female workers, but it is slowly being addressed.

A

Only suitable for well-built males

84
Q

Common arguments:
But modern designs and materials have overcome many of these problems.

A

Gets in the way of working

85
Q
A
86
Q

Common arguments: But modern designs and materials can mitigate this problem, but more development is needed

A

Not suitable for hot and/or humid climates

A. CE337 (5 decks)

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