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Physiology (Endocrine) > Thyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid hormones affect what physiological processes?

A

cellular differentiation
growth
metabolism

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2
Q

Name the 2 thyroid hormones

A

triiodothyroinine (T3)

thyroxine (T4)

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3
Q

What is the main carrier of T3 and T4

A

thyroxine-binding globulin, which has a stable pool of thyroid hormones

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4
Q

Which thyroid hormone is secreted the most?

A

T4

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5
Q

Which thyroid hormone is more biologically active?

A

T3

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6
Q

Where are thyroid hormones synthesized?

A

thyroid follicular cells

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7
Q

What enzyme helps make thyroid hormone?

A

thyroid peroxidase

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8
Q

What does thyroid peroxidase do?

A

catalyzes iodination of tyrosines on thyroglobulin

synthesized T4 or T3 from two iodotyrosines

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9
Q

How is thyroid hormone released?

A

epithelial cells ingest colloid from follicles
colloid-laden endosomes fuse with lysosomes that liberate free thyroid hormone
free thyroid hormone diffuses into blood and travels to tissues

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10
Q

The binding of TSH to receptors on epithelial cells of follicles stimulates the synthesis of what?

A

iodine transporter
thyroid peroxidase
thyroglobulin
also sets the rate of colloid endocytosis

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11
Q

Physiological effects of thyroid hormones

A 
development
growth
increased basal metabolic rate
increased heat production
increased O2 consumption
increased ATP hydrolysis
increased glucose absorption from GI tract
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12
Q

Stimulatory factors of thyroid hormone secretion

A

TSH
thyroid-stimulating IGGS
increased TBG levels
pregnancy

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13
Q

Inhibitory factors of thyroid hormone release

A 
iodine deficiency
deiodinase deficiency
excessive iodine intake
perchlorate, thiocyanate
propylthiouracil
decreased TBG
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14
Q

What is a goiter?

A

when there are low levels of TH in the bloodstream, the thyroid produces TSH but it becomes backed up with all the TSH and therefore is enlarged

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15
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

A

weakness
exercise intolerance
cardiovascular problems
weight gain

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16
Q 
Hypothyroid diagnostics:
Total T4 would be ?
Free T4 would be ?
TSH would be ?
What about T3 ?
A

T4 = decreased
free T4 = decreased
TSH = increased
T3 = decreased

17
Q

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A 
hungry
poor hair coat
hyper metabolic state
diarrhea
vomiting
weight loss
goiter
heat intolerant
tachycardia
weak, nervous, aggressive
palpable thyroid
low TSH

Physiology (Endocrine) (6 decks)

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