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Anatomy > Thorax (mediastinum) > Flashcards

Thorax (mediastinum) Flashcards

1
Q

median partition between the two pleural sacs in the thoracic cavity

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

mediastinum is divided by …..

A

imaginary line

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3
Q

imaginary line extension

A

between the sternal angle of louis anteriorly and disc (between T4 and T5) posteriorly

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4
Q

superior mediastinum boundaries

A

ant> manbrium sterni
post> upper 4 thoracic vertebrae
sup> thoracic inlet
inf> imaginary line

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5
Q

retromanubrial structures of sup mediastinum

A

sternohyoid, sternothyroid
thymus gland
Rt,lt brachiocephalic veins
upper half of SVC

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6
Q

Intermediate structures of sup mediastinum

A

arch of azygos

arch of aorta + 3 branches ( innominate, lt subclavian, lt common carotid arteries)

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7
Q

prevertebral structures of sup mediastinum

A 
oesophagus
thoracic duct 
trachea 
longus coli muscle 
lt recurrent laryngeal nerve
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8
Q

lies below the imaginary line and divided into anterior, middle, and posterior

A

Inferior mediastinum

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9
Q

narrow space between body of sternum and pericardium

A

Ant mediastinum

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10
Q

Ant mediastinum contents

A

fat
lymph nodes
thymus gland
superior & inferior sternopericardial ligaments

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11
Q

between the anterior and posterior mediastinum

A

middle mediastinum

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12
Q

middle mediastinum structures

A

inside pericardium : heart, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, lower half of SVC, parts of 4 pulmonary veins
outside pericardium: phrenic nerves, bifurcation of trachea into two bronchi

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13
Q

lies between pericardium and vertical part of diaphragm, and lower eight thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

A

posterior mediastinum

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14
Q

posterior mediastinum contents

A 
esophagus & vessels 
esophageal plexus of nerves (vagi) 
descending thoracic aorta 
azygos & two hemiazygos 
thoracic duct 
lower 8 post intercoastal vessels 
Thoracic sympathetic trunk 
posterior mediastinal lymph vessels
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15
Q

closed serous sac one on each side and invaginated from its medial aspect by the lungs

A

pleura

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16
Q

what’s the visceral layer?

A

covers and adherent to the lobes of lung and lining the fissures

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17
Q

what’s the parietal layer?

A 
line the 1/2 of the thoracic wall and is subdivided into 
costal pleura 
mediastinal pleura 
diaphragmatic pleura 
cervical pleura
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18
Q

costal pleura

A

lines the inner surface of ribs, costal cartilages and intercostal space, sides of vertebral bodies + back of sternum

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19
Q

covers the mediastinum, continuous with visceral pleura at the hilum of the lung to form a tube of pleura enclosing the pulmonary vessels and bronchus

A

mediastinal pleura

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20
Q

below the root of the lung the reflection of pleura is

A

pulmonary ligament

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21
Q

diaphragmatic pleura

A

covers the thoracic surface of diaphragm

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22
Q

covers the apex of lung, projects into root of neck and covered by suprapleural membrane

A

cervical pleura

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23
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the parietal and visceral layers of pleura

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24
Q

function of pulmonary ligament

A

dead space allowing distention of pulmonary veins when venous return increases from the lung

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25
Q

pleural recesses

A

parts of the pleural sac, filled by lungs only in deep inspiration

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26
Q

recesses along the inf border of pleura between the costal & diaphragmatic pleura

A

costo-diaphragmatic

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27
Q

recesses along anterior border of pleura, between costal & mediastinal pleura

A

costo-mediastinal

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28
Q

visceral layer nerve supply

A

autonomic nerve supply from the pulmonary plexuses

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29
Q

parietal layer nerve supply

A

rich in sensory nerve supply

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30
Q

costal pleura nerve supply

A

intercostal nerves

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31
Q

diaphragmatic and mediastinal nerve supply

A

phrenic nerve

32
Q

periphery of diaphragmatic nerve supply

A

6 ICNs

33
Q

any collection in the pleural cavity

A

pleural effusion

34
Q

presence of air in pleural cavity

A

pneumothorax

35
Q

presence of blood in pleural cavity

A

haemothorax

36
Q

presence of pus in pleural cavity

A

empyema

37
Q

apex of lung

A

rounded upper end, covered by the cervical pleura and supra pleura membrane (sibson’s fascia)

38
Q

base of lung (diaphragmatic)

A

-concave, rests on copula of diaphragm

39
Q

base of rt lung is more concave due to

A

presence of liver

40
Q

costal surface of lung

A

smooth& convex

41
Q

medial surface is divided into

A

vertebral surface, mediastinal surface

42
Q

vertebral surface

A

related to thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral discs, beginning of intercostal vessels, nerves, and the sympathetic chain, greater splanchnic nerves

43
Q

mediastinal surface

A

concave, presents the hilum of lung and related to the pericardium and mediastinal structures

44
Q

Ant border

A

thin & sharp, separates the costal from mediastinal surfaces

45
Q

in the left lung, ant border is deviated to the left from 4th to the 6th CC to form

A

cardiac notch

46
Q

posterior border

A

rounded, fits the gutter on the side of vertebral column, separets costal from mediastinal surfaces

47
Q

inferior border

A

sharp, surroundes base of lung

48
Q

most prominent feature of mediastinal surface of rt lung

A

hilum and attachment of pulmonary ligament

49
Q

in front of hilum of right lung, there’s

A

concave cardiac impression for Rt atrium

50
Q

vertical grooves infront of hilum for

A

SVC, IVC

51
Q

behind the hilum of Rt lung

A

groove for the esophagus

52
Q

behind the esophagus, another vertical groove for

A

the azygos vein

53
Q

above the hilum, groove for

A

arch of azygos

54
Q

above the arch of azygos, there are 3 grooves for

A

ant> rt innominate
middle> trachea
post> esophagus

55
Q

right phrenic nerve passes

A

in front of the hilum

56
Q

right vagus nerve passes

A

behind the hilum

57
Q

in front of hilum of lt lung

A

cardiac impression for lt ventricle

58
Q

behind the hilum of lt lung

A

groove for descending aorta

59
Q

in front of lower part of the groove of descending aorta

A

groove for esophagus

60
Q

above the hilum

A

groove for arch of aorta

61
Q

above the aortic arch

A

ant groove> lt common carotid A

post groove> lt subclavian A

62
Q

lt phrenic nerve passes

A

infront of the hilum of lt lung

63
Q

lt vagus nerve passes

A

behind the hilum of lt lung

64
Q

most posterior structure of root of lung

A

main bronchus

65
Q

in rt lung, another small bronchus is

A

epiarterial bronchus

66
Q

pulmonary A in right lung lies

A

ant to the bronchus

67
Q

pulmonary A in lt lung lies

A

above the main bronchus

68
Q

sup pulmonary V is the most

A

ant structure

69
Q

inf pulmonary V is the

A

lowermost structure

70
Q

site of the root of lungs

A

opposite the 5th,6th,7th thoracic vertebrae

71
Q

bronchopulmonary segments of right lung

A

10 segments:
upper lobe> apical. post, ant
middle lobe> lateral, medial
lower lobe> apical, ant basal, lateral basal, post basal, and medial basal

72
Q

bronchopulmonary segments of left lung

A

8 segments:
upper lobe> apicoposterior, anterior, superior lingular and inf lingular
lower lobe> apical, ant basal, lateral basal, and post basal

73
Q

blood supply of lungs

A

rt bronchial A from 3rd rt ICA or from lt sup bronchial A
2 lt bronchial As from descending aorta
2 rt bronchial veins > vena azygos
2 lt bronchial veins> lt sup ICVor in sup hemiazygos V

74
Q

lymphatic drainage of lungs

A

bronchopulmpnary L.N> tracheobronchial L.N> paratracheal> mediastinal lymph trunk> innominate V

75
Q

nerve supply of lungs

A

sympathetic efferent fibers arise from 2nd-5th sympathetic ganglia > bronchodilatation&vasoconstriction
parasympathetic efferent fibers from vagi > bronchoconstriction and vasodilation

Anatomy (3 decks)

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