Theme 5 Animal Reproduction Flashcards
1
Q
Fission
A
- splitting apart
- controlled
- hard to tell which is parent which is ofspring because similar shape and size
2
Q
Budding
A
- growth of new individual off of parent
- controlled
- genetic control
- hydra, polyp
- look different
- split off or remains attached
3
Q
Fragmentation
A
- parts that are missing grow
- starfish
- often from trauma
4
Q
Parthenogensis
A
- involvees eggs but no fertilization
- rotifers
- don’t need egg to be fertilized but some cases need something to start it off, like having a sperm hit the egg, but doesn’t sontribute genetically to the egg, still asexual
- wood tailed lizard
- if eggs are produced by mitosis could have diploid egg grow into a diploid parent, still asexual
- if start as haploid then stays as haploid
- genetically different from parent, only ahve half of genetic info from mother, but still only 1 parent
- most dies as an egg but some survive, haploid male usually fatal but itf it lives then sterile
5
Q
Pros of Asexual
A
- produce in isolation
- produce lots at once
- rapid
- only need 1 sex
- spend energy on producing offspring rather than just sperm and egg
- good in stable enviro
6
Q
Cons of Asexual
A
- no genetic diversity
- bad in changing, competitive enviro
7
Q
Dioecious`
A
- male or female, not both
- gonochoristic
8
Q
Monoecious
A
- aka hermaphrodite
- makes eggs and sperm
biologically both male and female - not necessarily at the same time, but sometimes
9
Q
Simultaneous Hermaphrodite
A
- both female and male at the same time
- can fertilize your own eggs with your own sperm
- asexual because all genetic info is from 1 parent
- what’s the point of spending so much energy to make sperm and eggs if just self fertilize?
10
Q
Sequential Hermaphrodite
A
- most hermaphrodites
- never female and male at once to prevent self fertilization
11
Q
Pros of Sexual
A
- geentic diversity
- good in changing environment or lots of competition
12
Q
Cons of Sexual
A
- expensive
- need to make a lot of sperm and egg
- only females are doing the process
- half of the population is not making offspring
- can’t always find someone
13
Q
Ways to bring sperm and egg otgether
A
- external
- internal
14
Q
External Fertilization
A
- dump bunch of eggs and sperm into the same environment
- broadcast spawning
- not just chance, parents move close together, mating behaviours like salmon who both release into net, so still external but super close together
15
Q
Internal Fertilization
A
- male releases genetic info into female
- terrestrial
- barnacle, sessile ahas a super long penis to fertilize females
