The Study of Life

Question 1

structural hierarchy of lie

Answer 1

order and organization

Question 2

what are the characteristics of life?

Answer 2

order and organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth, responsiveness, reproduction, adaptation

Question 3

chemical processes that take place in an organism

Answer 3

metabolism

Question 4

what is homeostasis?

Answer 4

ability of an organism to regulate one’s environment

Question 5

what is development?

Answer 5

maturation or differentiation of an organism’s cells

Question 6

what caters to the responsiveness of animals and plants?

Answer 6

animals - nervous system; plants - tropisms

Question 7

The perpetuation of species

Answer 7

Responsiveness

Question 8

Organism’s ability to survive and persist

Answer 8

Adaptation

Question 9

Adaptation drives the gradual process of what?

Answer 9

evolution

Question 10

What are organic compounds?

Answer 10

Compounds that contain carbon

Question 11

What do carbohydrates compose of?

Answer 11

C, H, O

Question 12

How many monosaccharides are there in an oligosaccharide?

Answer 12

3-9

Question 13

what is galactose + glucose?

Answer 13

fructose

Question 14

what is glucose + glucose?

Answer 14

maltose

Question 15

What do lipids compose of?

Answer 15

C, H, O, P

Question 16

Lipids are main components of what?

Answer 16

hormones and vitamins

Question 17

Where is the fatty acid-glycerol of lipids soluble in?

Answer 17

Nonpolar solvents

Question 18

Long chains of amino acids that also function as enzymes

Answer 18

Proteins

Question 19

What do proteins compose of?

Answer 19

C, H, O, P

Question 20

What are the sources of fats and oils?

Answer 20

Fats - animal; oil - plant

Question 21

responsiveness of bacteria

Answer 21

taxis

Question 22

hypertrophy vs hyperplasia: which is the increase in cells?

Answer 22

hyperplasia (hypertrophy is the increase in size)

Question 23

What do you call protein bonds?

Answer 23

peptide bonds

Question 24

What do you call carbohydrate bonds?

Answer 24

glycosidic bonds

Question 25

What is the bonding of saccharides, lipids, and proteins?

Answer 25

Dehydration synthesis

Question 26

What does the essential in ‘essential amino acids’ mean?

Answer 26

That we cannot make it for ourselves

Question 27

A long chain of amino acids bonded by peptide bonds

Answer 27

polypeptide

Question 28

What are the essential amino acids?

Answer 28

phenylalanine, valine, threonine, trytophan, isoleucine, methionine, histicline, arginine, leucine, lysine

Question 29

Hemoglobin, melanin, actin and myosin are examples of what?

Answer 29

polypeptides

Question 30

What are nucleotides?

Answer 30

They make up nucleic acids; made up of nitrogenous bases and sugar and phosphate backbone

Question 31

What are the nitrogenous bases?

Answer 31

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

Question 32

What is DNA?

Answer 32

Deoxyribonucleic acid; a double-stranded nucleic acid that has genetic instructions

Question 33

What is base pairing?

Answer 33

pairing up of bases to another strand through Hydrogen bonding

Question 34

What is RNA

Answer 34

single-stranded nucleic acid that deals with conversion of genetic information

Question 35

DNA -> mRNA

Answer 35

transcription

Question 36

mRNA -> proteins

Answer 36

translation

Question 37

What pairs with what for DNA?

Answer 37

A - T; C - G

Question 38

What pairs with what for RNA?

Answer 38

A - U; C - G

Question 39

How is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology described?

Answer 39

DNA - RNA - proteins

Question 40

What is the start codon?

Answer 40

AUG

Question 41

What are the three stop codons?

Answer 41

UGA, UAG, UAA