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Anatomy Test 4 > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the key landmark in the neck?

A

SCM

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Superior: mandible
Anterior: midline of neck
Posterior: SCM

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Superior: mastoid process
Inferior: clavicle
Anterior: SCM
Posterior: trapezius
Floor: musculature of the prevertebral fascia
Roof: investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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4
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the deep cervical fascia?

A

Investing layer, pretracheal, and prevertebral layer

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5
Q

Which of the 3 divisions of the deep cervical fascia are related to the posterior triangle? (ignore)

A

investing layer–roof, prevertebral–floor

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6
Q

Which of the 3 divisions of the deep cervical fascia are related to the anterior triangle?

A

investing layer–roof, prevertebral–floor

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7
Q

Why is the lower extent of the cervical fascia clinically important?

A

these fascial layers extend down into the thorax and allow for “tracking” of pus/infection from the head and neck down into the thorax

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8
Q

Which spinal cord levels are involved in the cervical plexus?

A

C1-4

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9
Q

What are the sensory branches of the cervical plexus?

A

lesser occipital, transverse cutaneous, great auricular, supraclavicular

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10
Q

Be able to label the diagram of cutaneous/sensory innervation of the neck

A

page 281 cutaneous/sensory innervation of the neck

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11
Q

where is a cervical block administered and why?

A

half way up the posterior border of the SCM (Erb’s Point)–a bolus of anesthetic diffuses around the point of exit of the nerves of the cervical plexus from behind the muscle.

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12
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle? (ignore)

A

semispinalis capitas, splenius capitus, levator scapulae, middle scalene, anterior scalene

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13
Q

Be able to label a diagram of the anterior triangle and subdivisions

A

page 282

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14
Q

What are the different triangles of the anterior neck? which are paired?

A

digastric, carotid, muscular–paired, and submental–unpaired

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15
Q

what are the boundaries of the digastric triangle? what is an alternate name?

A

Submandibular

anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric and the inferior border of the mandible

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16
Q

what are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

anterior bellies of contralateral digastric mm and the hyoid bone

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17
Q

what are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

posterior belly of digastric, anterior border the SCM and the lateral border of the superior belly of omohyoid

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18
Q

what are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

medial border of the superior belly of the omohyoid, anterior border of the SM and the imaginary midline of the neck

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19
Q

what are the important structural contents of the digastric triangle?

A

submandibular gland, facial artery, lymph nodes and the mylohyoid m.

20
Q

what are the important structural contents of the submental triangle?

A

submental lymph nodes, mylohyoid m.

21
Q

what are the important structural contents of the carotid triangle?

A

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus n., hypoglossal n.

22
Q

what are the important structural components of the muscular triangle?

A

infrahyoids, thyroid, larynx, trachea, esophagus

23
Q

List the suprahyoid muscles. what is their function?

A 
Diagastric mm (anterior and posterior bellies), stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid;
contract the hyoid bone and stabilize hyoid
24
Q

List the infrahyoid muscles. what is their function?

A

superficial: sternohyoid, omohyoid
deep: sternothyroid, thyrohyoid;
depress and stabilize the hyoid bone.

25
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior digastric and mylohyoid?

A

n. to mylohyoid-V3

26
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior digastric m. and the stylohyoid?

A

CN VII (facial)

27
Q

what is the innervation of geniohyoid and thyrohyoid?

A

C1 via CN XII

28
Q

what is the innervation of the sternohyoid, omohyoid and the sternothyroid?

A

ansa cervicalis

29
Q

how is the ansa cervicalis formed?

A

from the decendens hypoglossus (superior root) from C1 fusing with the descendens cervicalis (inferior root) from C2/3.

30
Q

over what structure is the ansa formed?

A

internal jugular vein

31
Q

what does the ansa do?

A

supplies 3/4 infrahyoid mm of the neck with MOTOR innervation

32
Q

be able to label diagram on page 288

A

root of the neck–branches off of subclavian artery

33
Q

what are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve

34
Q

be able to label page 285

A

carotid triangle and the vertical neurovascular bundle

35
Q

which cranial nn have an anatomical relationship with the branches of the external carotid?

A

CN XI swings posteriorly over the internal jugular vein. CN XII swings anteriorly over the top of the external carotid artery and hooks over the lingual artery.

36
Q

Describe the carotid sinus in location, function and innervation.

A

carotid sinus–initial swelling on the internal carotid; it is a BAROreceptor that regulates the blood pressure of the cerebral arteries; and it is innervated by the CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

37
Q

Describe the carotid body in location, function and innervation.

A

Body– is found in the bifurcation of the common carotid; is a CHEMOreceptor responding to CO2 levels in the blood increasing the respiratory centers of the brain if too high; it is innervated by pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X).

38
Q

List the sources of blood supply to the thyroid gland

A

Superior/inferior thryoid arteries and throidea ima.

39
Q

Why is the thyroid richly supplied with blood?

A

it is an endocrine organ that needs to secrete hormones into the blood stream, so it needs proximity to do so.

40
Q

what is the relationship of the parathyroids to the thyroid gland?

A

parathyroid is embedded in the posterior aspect of the thyroid

41
Q

Name one other clinically important relationship in the posterior region of the thyroid.

A

The recurrent layrngeal nerves run behind the lobes of the thyroid on their way to the larynx. Thyroidectomy with damage to these nerves results in either hoarseness or inability to speak.

42
Q

be able to label the diagram on page 290.

A

termination of lymphatic drainage at the root of the neck

43
Q

what is the functional significance of the deep cervical group of lymph nodes?

A

they are the terminal group for all of the superficial lymph drainage form the head and neck and are less palpable than the superficial groups.

44
Q

where are the deep cervical nodes located?

A

along the carotid sheath adjacent to the internal jugular vein (deep to SCM)

45
Q

which of the superficial nodes can be palpated under the inferior border of the mandible?

A

submandibular, submental, superficial cervical and mastoid

46
Q

what regions do these submandibular nodes drain?

A

throat and tonsils

Anatomy Test 4 (8 decks)

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