The endocrine system Flashcards
what allows us to control the complex set of systems in the body?
endocrine system and nervous system
what are the 4 things the endocrine and nervous systems required for?
-effctive cell-cell communication
-monitor and coordinate of internal environment (homeostasis)
-regulate growth, development, reproduction, senescence
-enables you to respond and adapt to changes in external environment
what does the endocrine system do?
- Tightly regulated synthesis and secretion of diverse array of chemical messenger molecules called hormones
- Hormones regulate numerous organ/tissue systems; control growth, metabolism, reproduction and play key role in homeostasis
what are the 2 things that the endocrine system is comprised of?
- primary endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete
- secondary endocrine tissues also secrete hormones
define hormone
A chemical messenger produced and secreted by a specialized endocrine gland that is transported in the bloodstream to a distant target organ/cell where it elicits a physiological response
what are the 3 main types of hormone?
proteins / peptides
cholesterol derivatives
modified amino acids
state an example of protein/peptide hormones and state whether it is hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
growth hormone (all are hydrophilic)
state 2 examples of cholesterol derivative hormones and state whether it is hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
steriods and vitamin D
(all are hydrophobic)
state 2 examples of modified amino acid hormones and state whether it is hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
adrenaline (hydrophilic)
thuroid hormones (hydrophobic)
what do water soluble hormones bind to?
membrane-bound receptors
what do lipid soluble hormones bind to?
intracellular receptors
what 2 systems work together to maintain homeostasis?
endocrine and nervous systems
what is the primary link between the nervous and endocrine system?
hypothalamus
what is the master endocrine gland?
pituitary gland
what are the 6 things that the pituitary gland regulate?
growth
development
mood
tissue function
metabolism
sexual function
what are the 2 distinct lobes of the pituitary gland?
anterior and posterior
what are the 4 steps to hypothalamic regulation of anterior pituitary gland?
1) hypothalamatic neuron secrete hormones
2) releasing hormones stimulates pituitary hormone secretion
3) hormones diffuse into blood vessels
4) blood transports hormones to the target tissue
what are the 4 steps to hypothalamic regulation of posterior pituitary gland?
1) ?
what are 7 hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland?
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
what are the 3 functions of growth hormone?
- essential for growth and development
- enhances protein synthesis, decreases glucose utilization, and promotes fat mobilization.
- Many effects of GH mediated by IGF from liver
what is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone?
Essential for the growth and function of the adrenal cortex
what is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone?
- One of the two gonadotropic hormones
- Promotes growth of ovarian follicles in females
- Promotes production of sperm in males