The Coastal Zone

Question 0

Give the four types of mass movement.

Answer 0

Falls
Slides
Flows
Slumps

Question 1

What is the coast?

Answer 1

Where the land meets the sea

Question 2

What is mass movement?

Answer 2

Downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity

Question 3

What is backwash?

Answer 3

Movement of water down the beach

Question 4

What is swash?

Answer 4

Movement of water up the beach

Question 5

Describe the mass movement process of slides.

Answer 5

Blocks of rock slide downhill.

Question 6

Describe the mass movement process of slumps.

Answer 6

Slipping along a curved surface.

Question 7

Describe the mass movement process of flows.

Answer 7

Saturated soil and weak rock flow down a slope. It doesn’t hold its shape.

Question 8

Describe the mass movement process of falls.

Answer 8

Rock breaks away from the cliff face and falls to the beach

Question 9

Give four features of a destructive wave.

Answer 9

Short wavelength
Tall wave height
Weak swash
Strong backwash

Question 10

Give four features of a constructive wave.

Answer 10

Long wavelength
Short wave height
Strong swash
Weak backwash

Question 11

Why are sea levels rising?

Answer 11

The earth is heating up and so the sea heats up. This mean the particles in the water get more energy and expand outwards causing a rise in the sea level.

Question 12

What is a pioneer plant?

Answer 12

First plant species to colonise and area that is well adapted to living in harsh environments

Question 13

Give three coastal landforms of deposition.

Answer 13

Bar
Beach
Spit

Question 14

What is vegetation succession?

Answer 14

Sequence of vegetation species colonising an environment

Question 15

What is exfoliation weathering?

Answer 15

Layers of rock taken away. Associated with fluctuations in temperature.

Question 16

What is freeze thaw weathering?

Answer 16

When water enters a crack in the rock, freezes, expands outwards and the rock breaks.

Question 17

Why are there large rocks at the top and smaller rocks and sediment at the bottom of a beach?

Answer 17

Large rocks at the top aren’t affected by attrition whereas the ones nearer the sea are. Also, the backwash is weak meaning the larger rocks can’t be pulled down to the bottom of the beach.

Question 18

What is the area of water called behind a bar?

Answer 18

A lagoon

Question 19

What are the cause of cliff collapse?

Answer 19

Building
Farmland
Tourism
Deforestation
Little protection
Diverted drainage

Question 20

What are the positive impacts of cliff collapse?

Answer 20

Unites communities
Creates new habitats
May increase tourism

Question 21

What are some of the negative impacts of of cliff collapse?

Answer 21

Damaging habitats and killing species
Cost to repair damage
Loss of land
Buried beaches
Homelessness
Loss of tourism

Question 22

Name five coastal landforms caused by erosion.

Answer 22

Cliffs
Caves
Arches
Stacks
Stumps

Question 23

What arethe four processes of erosion waves use to wear away the coast?

Answer 23

Hydraulic power
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

Question 24

Describe the process of a wave cut platform being created.

Answer 24

A wave cut notch is created between the low water mark and high water mark do to erosion taking place on the cliff face. This notch is enlarged as erosion continues. The rock above the notch becomes unstable and eventually collapses. The process is repeated and the wave cut platform gets bigger.

Question 25

Why do headlands and bays form?

Answer 25

Because there is alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock along a coast

Question 26

What is deposition?

Answer 26

The dropping of material

Question 28

Do constructive waves build up or break down the coastline?

Answer 28

Build up the coastline

Question 29

How are bars created?

Answer 29

A spit joins two headlands together. The bar cuts off the bay between the headlands from the sea. This means a lagoon can form behind the bar.

Question 30

Why does material accumulate in the area behind a spit that is not affected by a flowing river?

Answer 30

The water is static and so material is deposited here, there is no flowing water to carry it elsewhere

Question 31

What is transportation?

Answer 31

The movement of material