The Cell

Question 1

What is in the cell theory?

Answer 1

1) all living things are composed of one or more cells
2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of live
3) all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 2

What do prokaryotic cells lack?

Answer 2

Membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

Question 3

A fluid, semi-permeable mosaic of lipid-bilayer embedded with proteins

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

Cellular scaffolding

Answer 4

cytoskeleton

Question 5

Composed of the cytosol and organelles

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

A specialized structure in the nucleus that functions in the synthesis of ribosomes

Answer 6

Nucleolus

Question 7

Where proteins are processed for translation before being delivered to other parts of the cell

Answer 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 8

Smooth or Rough ER: functions in lipid and hormone synthesis

Answer 8

Smooth ER (Rough ER functions in protein synthesis)

Question 9

Where proteins are synthesized by translation

Answer 9

Ribosomes

Question 10

What does the Golgi Apparatus do?

Answer 10

modify, store, and reroute products of ER

Question 11

responsible for ATP synthesis

Answer 11

Mitochondria

Question 12

Organelles that protect the cell

Answer 12

Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

Question 13

What are other organelles only plants have?

Answer 13

Cell wall, chloroplast (w/ chlorophyll), and water vacuole

Question 14

Consists only of genetic material and protein coat (capsid); replicates only in living cells

Answer 14

Viruses

Question 15

Diffusion of water through semi-permeable membrane

Answer 15

Osmosis

Question 16

Does water diffuse in or out of a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 16

out (due to higher solute concentration)

Question 17

What is the result of a hypotonic solution to cell?

Answer 17

Turgidity (plant) or lysis (animal)

Question 18

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 18

when large molecules, polar molecules, and charged ions are moved with transport proteins

Question 19

What is the result of a hypertonic solution to the cell?

Answer 19

shrinking/crenation (plant) or plasmolysis (animal)

Question 20

Goes against concentration gradient and requires ATP

Answer 20

Active transport

Question 21

Bulk transport where you move in to the cell

Answer 21

Endocytosis

Question 22

Bulk transport where you move out of the cell

Answer 22

Exocytosis

Question 23

What are the phases in the interphase?

Answer 23

G1, S, G2 (and sometimes G0)

Question 24

What does the G1 phase ensure?

Answer 24

Cell is ready for DNA synthesis

Question 25

Form of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms

Answer 25

Binary Fission

Question 26

What does Mitosis produce?

Answer 26

two daughter cells

Question 27

What does Meiosis produce?

Answer 27

4 genetically unique haploid gametes

Question 28

What condenses into chromosomes in the Prophase stage?

Answer 28

Chromatin

Question 29

What do the spindle fibers pierce in the Metaphase stage?

Answer 29

Kinetochores

Question 30

What forms in between the cells in the telophase stage?

Answer 30

Cleavage furrow (animals); Cell plate (plants)

Question 31

How many chromosomes are there in a gamete?

Answer 31

23 chromosomes

Question 32

Two identical sister chromatids that are attached before meiosis begins

Answer 32

Homologous chromosomes (homologs)

Question 33

When does crossing over occur?

Answer 33

Prophase

Question 34

Crossing over leads to what long term phenomenon?

Answer 34

Variation, leading to natural selection or evolution