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Elizabethan England > The catholic challenge (home and abroad) > Flashcards

The catholic challenge (home and abroad) Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Counter Reformation?

A

This was the Catholic church’s attempt to reverse the Protestant Reformation in Europe and stop it’s spread. Protestants in Europe were charged with heresy. (denying the teachings of the catholic church)

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2
Q

In what year did the Reformation begin?

A

1517

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3
Q

What does the Counter Reformation lead to in 1543-63?

A

Leads to determination to reverse gains made by Protestantism in Europe and England.

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4
Q

What were the aims of the Reformation?

A

The aims of the Reformation was to prevent Protestantism from spreading.

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5
Q

Between what years was Catholicism restored?

A

1553-58

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6
Q

A large part of the ________ were Recusants?

A

The Gentry

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7
Q

What did the catholic threat lead to?

A

It lead to the Revolt of the Northern Earls (1569-70)

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8
Q

In what year did the Dutch rebel against Spanish occupation?

A

1566

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9
Q

What factor angered Spain?

A

Spain was angered by England’s seizure of ships carrying loan, arguing it belonged to Italian bankers.

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10
Q

What country did Catholics make peace with?

A

France

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11
Q

Who did the Pope excommunicate?

A

Elizabeth in 1570.

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12
Q

What did the Privy Council fear?

A

Feared a Spanish invasion as they were close to England.

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13
Q

Who encouraged to plot against Elizabeth?

A

Mary Queen of Scots encouraged the Spanish government to plot against Elizabeth.

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14
Q

Where were Protestants mainly found?

A

Mainly found in Northern Europe (Netherlands, Germany…)

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15
Q

Was the number of English Protestants increasing or decreasing since the 1530s?

A

The number of English protestants since the 1530s was growing.

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16
Q

What did the Reformation do?

A

The Reformation divided the Christian Church between Catholics and Protestants from 1517.

17
Q

When were churches reformed?

A

Churches were reformed in 1517

18
Q

What are some reasons to why the colonisation of Virginia failed?

A
  • Lack of skill and experience
  • Lack of food
  • Native American attack
  • War with Spain
  • Poor leadership by Richard Grenville.
19
Q

What were some reasons to why Virginia was attempted to be colonised?

A
  • Raleigh- able to persuade investors that it would be profitable
  • Trade (meant good profit)
  • Welcoming and friendly natives
  • Successful colony in Virginia (made it easier to fund other ventures)
20
Q

What did the Throckmorton plot reveal?

A

Revealed the extent of the threat posed by Foreign Catholic powers.

21
Q

Who was the Throckmorton plot plotted by?

A

The French Duke of Guise

22
Q

What did the Babington plot lead to?

A

The execution of MQS

23
Q

What was the plan of the Babington plot?

A

The plan was for the Duke of Guise to invade England, murder Elizabeth and put MQS on the throne.

24
Q

Who supported the Babington plot?

A

The Pope and Phillip 11 of Spain

25
Q

What plot lead to the Duke of Norfolk’s execution?

A

The Ridolfi plot

26
Q

What was a reason for the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

The Northern Earls and their followers wanted to make England Catholic again.

27
Q

Why did the Revolt fail?

A
  • Support from Spain never arrived
  • Many Northern landowners in Lancashire remained loyal to Eliz.
  • Many landowners didn’t want to risk losing wealth gained by the monasteries gained under Henry VIII
28
Q

What was significant about the Revolt?

A

It showed how MQS could not be trusted, therefore she remained in prison.
Government had to now take harsh steps against Catholics.

29
Q

What were some reasons for exploration?

A
  • Private investment
  • Expanding trade
  • Adventure (accounts on voyages)
  • New technology
  • Development of standardised maps
  • Improvements in ship design
30
Q

What was so significant about Drake’s circumnavigation?

A
  • Voyage meant that England claimed the right to rule much of North America.
  • English ships began to trade elsewhere.
31
Q

Who becomes involved in Catholic plots against Elizabeth?

A

Philip II

32
Q

During rivalry with Spain, Elizabeth’s government secretly helped who and why?

A

Secretly helped Dutch protestants to resist Spanish which provided financial support to others fighting the Spanish.

33
Q

In what year was England and Spain close to war?

A

1587

34
Q

In what year did the Spanish government in the Netherlands find the war unaffordable?

A

1576

35
Q

What did a lack of funds in Spanish troops lead to?

A

The Spanish Fury (troops looted Antwerp)

36
Q

What did the Pacification of Ghent call for?

A

It called for all Spanish Troops to be expelled from the Netherlands.

37
Q

In what years did England and Spain compete for resources of the New World?

A

1570s

Elizabethan England (2 decks)

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