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Anatomy > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

epicranius

A

two muscles (frontalis and occipitalis) and an aponeurosis

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2
Q

frontalis

A

elevates eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

part of the epicranius

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3
Q

occipitalis

A

draws scalp backward

part of the epicranius

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4
Q

orbicularlis oculi

A

closes eyes (wink)

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5
Q

orbicularlis oris

A

closes and puckers lips (kiss)

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6
Q

zygomaticus major

A

elevates corner of mouth (smile)

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7
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

depresses corner of mouth (frown)

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8
Q

buccinator

A

pulls cheeks against teeth when chewing

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9
Q

platysma

A

tenses skin of neck and depresses lower lip

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10
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

masseter
temporalis
medial and lateral pterygoids

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11
Q

masseter

A

elevates mandible

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12
Q

temporalis

A

elevates and retracts mandible

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13
Q

medial and lateral pterygoids

A

elevates mandible and moves mandible side to side

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14
Q

3 muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus

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15
Q

genioglossus

A

protracts and depresses tongue

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16
Q

styloglossus

A

retracts and elevates tongue

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17
Q

hyoglossus

A

depresses sides of tongue

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18
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

(lateral neck muscle) each rotates head to opposite side; together flex the head/neck

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19
Q

splenius capitis

A

(posterior neck muscle) each rotates head to one side. together: extend the neck/head

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20
Q

suprahyoid muscles (4)

A 
(anterior neck muscles)
digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
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21
Q

digastric

A

elevates hyoid and depresses mandible

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22
Q

stylohyoid

A

elevates hyoid bone

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23
Q

mylohyloid

A

elevates hyoid and raises floor of mouth

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24
Q

geniohyoid

A

elevates hyoid bone

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25
Q

infrahyoid bones (4)

A 
(anterior neck muscles)
sternohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
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26
Q

sternohyoid

A

depresses hyoid

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27
Q

omohyoid

A

depresses hyoid

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28
Q

sternothyroid

A

depresses thyroid cartilage

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29
Q

thyrohyoid

A

depresses hyoid bone and raises thyroid cartilage

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30
Q

two types of back muscles

A

superficial back musles

deep back muscles

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31
Q

deep back muscles (2)

A

quadratus lumborum

erector spinae

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32
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

together extend lumbar vertebral column, unilaterially: each laterally flexes vertebral column

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33
Q

erector spinae

A

extend the vertebral column

consists of: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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34
Q

iliocostalis

A

most lateral of the erector spinae

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35
Q

longissimus

A

intermediate of the erector spinae

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36
Q

spinalis

A

most medial of the erector spinae

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37
Q

deep thorax muscles (breathing)

A

diaphragm
external intercostals
internal intercostals
scalenes

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38
Q

diaphragm

A

contraction pulls the central portion down, increasing vertical dimensions of thorax

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39
Q

external intercostals

A

elevate ribs during inhalation

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40
Q

internal intercostals

A

depresses ribs during exhalation

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41
Q

scalenes

A

elevates ribs during inspiration

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42
Q

abdominal muscles

A 
as a group - they compress the abdominal contents and flex the vertebral column
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis
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43
Q

external abdominal oblique

A

runs at angle (first layer)

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44
Q

internal abdominal oblique

A

runs at angle (second layer)

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45
Q

transversus abdominis

A

horizontal

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46
Q

rectus abdominis

A

on front, primary flexor of vertebrae

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47
Q

pelvic diaphragm/urogenital diaphragm

A
  1. closes inferior opening of pelvis

2. supports the pelvic organs

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48
Q

muscles that move the scapula (5)

A 
trapezius
rhomboids (major, minor)
levator scapulae
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
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49
Q

trapezius

A

elevates, depresses, retracts and rotates scapula

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50
Q

rhomboids (major, minor)

A

elevates and retracts scapula

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51
Q

levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula

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52
Q

pectoralis minor

A

protracts (pulls forward) and depresses (downward) scapula

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53
Q

serratus anterior

A

same as pectoralis minor

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54
Q

pectoralis major

A

flexes adducts and medially rotates humerus

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55
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

adducts, extends and medially rotates arm/humerus

attaches to front of humerus

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56
Q

deltoid

A

abducts, flexes and extends arm/humerus

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57
Q

coracobrachialis

A

flexes, adducts arm/humerus

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58
Q

teres major

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm/humerus

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59
Q

rotator cuff muscles (4)

A

supscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

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60
Q

subscapularis

A

medially rotates arm/humerus

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61
Q

supraspinatus

A

abducts and laterally rotates arm/humerus

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62
Q

infraspinatus

A

laterally rotates arm/humerus

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63
Q

teres minor

A

laterally rotates arm/humerus

64
Q

biceps brachii

A

flexor of the forearm/elbow joint

65
Q

brachialis

A

primary elbow flexor

66
Q

brachioradialis

A

flexes the forearm/elbow

67
Q

triceps brachii

A

extends the forearm/elbow

68
Q

anconeus

A

extends the forearm/elbow

69
Q

pronator teres

A

pronates forearm

70
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes wrist and adducts hand (superficial)

71
Q

palmaris longus

A

flexes wrist (superficial)

72
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes wrist and adducts hand (superficial)

73
Q

flexor digitorium superficialis

A

flexes wrist and flexes digits 2-5 at the MP and PIP joints (intermediate group)

74
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

flexes flexes wrist and digits 2-5 at the MP PIP and DIP joints (deep group)

75
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes thumb (deep)

76
Q

pronator quadratus

A

pronates forearm (deep)

77
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

extends wrist and abducts hand (superficial group)

78
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

extends wrist and abducts hand (superficial)

79
Q

extensor digitorum

A

extends wrist and extends digits 2-5 at MP, PIP, and DIP joints (superficial group)

80
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends wrist and adducts hand (superficial group)

81
Q

supinator

A

supinates forearm (deep)

82
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

abducts thumb (deep)

83
Q

extensor pollicis longus

A

extends thumb (deep)

84
Q

hand muscles (3)

A

thenar
hypothenar
midpalmar muscles

85
Q

thenar

A

move the thumb

86
Q

hypothenar

A

move pinky

87
Q

midpalmar muscles (3)

A

-moves fingers 2-5
-all muslces flex the MP joints and extend the PIP/DIP joints
lumbricales
palmar interossei
dorsal interossei

88
Q

palmar interossei

A

also adduct fingers

89
Q

dorsal interossei

A

also abduct fingers

90
Q

iliacus

A

flex the thigh/hip

91
Q

psoas major

A

flex the thigh/hip

92
Q

sartorius

A

flex the thigh/hip and the leg/knee

93
Q

quadricepts femoris (4)

A

extend the leg/knee

  • rectus femoris
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
  • vastus lateralis
94
Q

rectus femoris

A

extend the leg/knee

95
Q

vastus medialis

A

extend the leg/knee

96
Q

vastus intermedius

A

extend the leg/knee

97
Q

vastus lateralis

A

extend the leg/knee

98
Q

adductors (longus, brevis, magnus)

A

adduct and flex the thigh/hip

99
Q

pectineus

A

adducts and flexes the thigh/hip

100
Q

gracilis

A

adducts the thigh/hip, and flexes the leg/knee

101
Q

lateral compartment of the thigh muscles

A

tensor fascia latae and iliotibial tract

102
Q

anterior compartment of thigh (4)

A

iliacus
psoas major
sartorius
quadriceps femoris

103
Q

medial compartment of thigh (3)

A

adductors
pectineus
gracilis

104
Q

posterior compartment (2 groups)

A

gluteal muscles

hamstring muscles

105
Q

gluteal muscles (3)

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus

106
Q

gluteus maximus

A

extends thigh/hip

107
Q

gluteus medius

A

abducts thigh/hip

108
Q

gluteus minimus

A

abducts thigh/hip

109
Q

hamstring muscles (3)

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

110
Q

biceps femoris

A

most lateral - extend the thigh(hip) and flex the leg (knee)

111
Q

semitendinosus

A

extend the thigh(hip) and flex the leg (knee)

112
Q

semimembranosus

A

extend the thigh(hip) and flex the leg (knee)

113
Q

tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflex the foot/ankle

also inverts foot (pulls sole inward, pulls arch up)

114
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

dorsiflex foot/ankle

extends toes 2-5

115
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

dorsiflex the foot/ankle

also extends big toe

116
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

plantar flexes foot/ankle and flexes toes 2-5

117
Q

tibialis posterior

A

plantar flexes foot/ankle and inverts foot

118
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

A

extends toes 2-4

119
Q

extensor hallucis brevis

A

extends big toe

120
Q

plantar side of foot has..

A

4 layers of flexors, abductors, and adductors of toes.

121
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord “control center”

122
Q

peripheral nervous center

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia

123
Q

two divisions of PNS

A

sensory (afferent)

motor (efferent)

124
Q

sensory division

A

transmits information TO the CNS from the sensory receptors

125
Q

two types of sensory input

A

somatic sensory

visceral sensory

126
Q

somatic sensory

A

receives sensory info from the skin, joints, skeletal muscle, and special sense (vision, hearing, taste, smell, balance)

127
Q

visceral sensory

A

receives sensory info from the internal organs (primarily stretch and pain)

128
Q

motor division of PNS

A

transmits information away from the CNS

129
Q

two systems of motor division

A

somatic (voluntary) nervous system

autonomic (involuntary) nervous system

130
Q

somatic nervous system

A

neurons go to skeletal muscle

131
Q

autonomic NS

A

neurons go to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and all glands

132
Q

two parts of autonomic system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

133
Q

nervous tissue cells (2)

A

neurons and supporting cells (neuroganglia)

134
Q

neurons

A

respond to stimuli and conduct impulses

135
Q

supporting cells (neuroganglia)

A

support and protect neurons (more numerous than neurons)

136
Q

6 parts of neuron

A 
cell body
nucleus
nissl bodies
dendrites
axon
axon hillock
137
Q

cell body

A

responsible for nutrition, growth, and repair of neuron

contains cytoplasm, organelles, and nucleus

138
Q

nucleus

A

contains DNA and nucleolus (RNA)

139
Q

nissl bodies

A

=chromatophilic substance

rough ER

140
Q

dendrites

A

conduct electrical impulses toward the cell body

141
Q

axon

A

conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body (theres always just one but it may have branches)

142
Q

axon hillock

A

portion of cell body from where axon originates

143
Q

multipolar neuron

A

one axon and many dendrites off of cell body; most common

144
Q

bipolar neuron

A

2 processes off of the cell body; one axon and one dendrite

145
Q

unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron

A

single process comes off the cell body and divides into two branches

146
Q

sensory (afferent) neurons

A

bring info to the CNS. These can be either unipolar or bipolar

147
Q

motor (efferent) neurons

A

take information from CNS to other parts of the body. these are always multipolar

148
Q

association (interneurons) neurons

A

allow for communication between neurons within the CNS. These are always multipolar neurons

149
Q

6 types of neuroglial cells

A 
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
satellite cells
neurolemmocytes (schwann cells)
150
Q

astrocytes

A

regulates transfer of nutrients from blood to the brain
helps form part of the blood brain barrier
found in CNS

151
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

mylenate axons in CNS

152
Q

myelination

A

process of wrapping an axon with myelin

in CNS

153
Q

microglia

A

ingests damaged neurons and foreign substances

in CNS

154
Q

ependymal cells

A

line central canal (in spinal cord) and ventricles (in brain and brain stem) - help circulate CSF
in CNS

155
Q

satellite cells

A

surround neuron cell bodies in spinal ganglia (function like astrocytes - regulate nutrient exchange/waste removal for neurons)
in PNS

156
Q

neurolemmocytes (Schwann Cells)

A

mylinate axons in PNS

Anatomy (4 decks)

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