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History and Systems Psychology > Test 1 People > Flashcards

Test 1 People Flashcards

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1
Q

Aristotle

A

Wrote “On the Heavens”

  • geocentrism
  • spherical earth
  • circular planetary orbits
  • planets orbit at constant speed
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2
Q

Bain

A

Founded the Journal “Mind” in 1876

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3
Q

Bell (Charles)

A

Examined Spinal Cords 11 years before Magendie
Wasn’t quite right… ventral = voluntary Dorsal = involuntary
Still became the Bell- Magendie law
Also talked about specific nerve energies

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4
Q

Berkeley (George)

A
  • Immaterialist
  • To be is to be percieved
  • studied depth perception
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5
Q

Bessel

A

Created the personal equation

Was inspired by Wundt and Donders

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6
Q

Bouillaud & Aubertin

A

Linked language to the frontal lobes
presented findings in 1861
they weren’t taken seriously

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7
Q

Broca

A

Examined a patient named tan that only said tan
saw only left side damage
Broca’s area

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8
Q

Descartes, Rene

A

-I think therefore I am
-Rationalism, doubt everything
-Veins, Reflex, retina
-did research on dogs, only humans feel pain
-Dualist; believed brain and mind connect at pineal gland
-Nativist= believed you are born with some knowledge
like god, self, and infinity (Innate v Derived Ideas)

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9
Q

Donders

A 
Donder's Reaction Times
Ki Ko and Ku
Just Ki= shortest reaction time
Ki Ko or Ku= longest
Repeat only Ki amid ko and Ku= middle
37 ms between each level of response time
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10
Q

Dubois-Reymond

A

Measures current in his own arm

discovered action potential

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11
Q

Ebbinghaus

A 
first to study memory
CVC-nonsense syllable
time to memorize
forgetting curve
savings score
Reaction time fill in the blank for school (intelligence test)
Worte fundementals of psych book
"Psychology has a short history but a long past"
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12
Q

Fechner (Gustav)

A

Psychophysics
Fechner’s Law
S=KlogR S= perceptions K=Weber’s ratio R=real world intensity
Dealt with percievable differences

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13
Q

Ferrier (David)

A

Identified motor cortex in 10 species

Found visual, somatosensory, and auditory cortices

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14
Q

Flourens (pierre)

A

nueroscientist and surgeon
Systematically ablated animal brains to disprove phrenology
Removed “ladies cabin” of birds and they still had a sex drive
action propre and action commune

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15
Q

Fritsch and Hitzig

A

Examined exposed brains of soldiers

Discovered the motor cortex

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16
Q

Gage (Phineas)

A

rod is shot through head and he had severe personality changes

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17
Q

Galileo

A 
Made first decent telescope
Confirmed heliocentrism
Experimental methods
Pendulum
House arrest
Speed of falling objects
18
Q

Gall

A 
Neuroanatomist
Distinguished white v grey parts of brain (hwy v City)
Explained corpus collossum
L R crossover
Comparative
.....and phrenology
19
Q

Galvani (luigi)

A

Electricity Contracts Muscles

Animal Magnetism- vitalist/mechanist combo with a life electricity

20
Q

Golgi v Cajal

A

Reticular v Neuron Theory
Reticular theory= everything in nervous system is single network (Golgi)
Neuron Theory= discrete cells (Cajal)
Shared Nobel in 1906

21
Q

Greisbach

A

Used 2 point threshold to study mental fatigue in kids through school day

22
Q

Hales

A

a

23
Q

Hartley

A

parallelism
Building block structure of thoughs whole=sum parts
Influenced mill

24
Q

Harvey (William)

A

Circulatory system
Heart pumps blood (not create it)
Empiricism, mechanism

25
Q

Helmholtz

A

Mechanism
Law of conservation of energy (trapped frog experiment)
All or none principal of Neurons
Speed of nervouse impulse= 83 ft per second (57mph)
Perception: Blind spot, how cochlea works, 3 cones for color

26
Q

Hume (David)

A

First Associationist
Rejects notion of innate ideas
Ideas are associaties via: resemblence, continuity, and causality

27
Q

James & John Stuart Mill

A 
James mill: 
Father
Mechanical Associationism (brick wall)
Raised son stricktly
John Stuart Mill:
son
Chemical associationism (baking)
-Whole is greater then sum of parts
28
Q

Kant (Immanuel)

A

argued against a science of the mind

“Psychology KANT be a science”

29
Q

Kulpe

A

Wundt’s student
used introspection
fractionation- splitting up tasks for introspection

30
Q

Lashley (Karl)

A

memories evenly distributed across cortex
was looking for an engram= center of memory in brain
Terms:
Equipotentiality= one part of cortex can take over function of another part
Law of Mass Action=learning, and memory depend on amount of cortex available

31
Q

Leibniz

A 
German Nativist
Wrote New Essays on Understanding (1765)
"Clean slates stay clean"
calculus
Psycho-physical Parallelism
32
Q

Locke (John)

A
  • Father of British Empiricism
  • Believed in tabula rasa
  • concept of government of checks and balances with social contract from people
  • empiricism leads to tolerance and liberalism because we are only different based on experience
33
Q

Magendie (Francios)

A

Discovered difference between dorsal and ventral roots of spinal cord by paralyzing puppies
ventral=motor
Dorsal=sensory

34
Q

Muller (Johannes & G.E.)

A

Specific nerve energies work
Salt: eye v. tongue
Is the difference in nerve or brain?

35
Q

Newton

A

3 laws of motion
planets have elliptical orbits
Optics- colored light adds up to white light

36
Q

Sherrington

A

Interactive action of nervous system
synaptic transition
idea of excitation and inhibition (Reciprocal Innervation))
Nobel in 1932

37
Q

Weber

A

Difference thresholds

38
Q

Wernicke

A

Discovered area for a comprehension aphasia

39
Q

Whytt (Robert)

A

Spinal Cord- frogs maintained reflexes even without a brain

Voluntary v. Involuntary movements

40
Q

Wollstonecraft (Mary)

A

Used empiricist argument for womens rights

0=0 we are the same at birth

41
Q

Wundt

A

researched under Bunsen
Salt in urine…
Assistant to Helmholtz
Transfers to Leipzig and Trains Graduate students
Researched a shit ton
Experimental Psychology: uses rate to quantify mental operations, sensation attributes, motivation, attention, apperception, word association tasks
Volkerphsycologie= a mix of psych and anthropology, higher function can’t be quantified, inferred things

42
Q

Archimedes

A

Real discoverer of calculus (as far as we know)

History and Systems Psychology (4 decks)

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