test 1 (2)

Question 1

Describe patterns in cost of transport and body size among animals using different types of exercise

________ is the most efficient mode of transportation, followed by flying, and then running/walking

Weight-specific cost per transport is relatively ________ in larger animals

Answer 1

Describe patterns in cost of transport and body size among animals using different types of exercise
Swimming is the most efficient mode of transportation, followed by flying, and then running/walking
Weight-specific cost per transport is relatively smaller in larger animals

Question 2

Discuss aerobic capacity, why is is a useful measure, and how it may vary among species and individuals

______________ consumption that determines aerobic ________
in endotherms VO2max is much higher than their basal O2 consumption
decreases with age and is 50% due to genetics, can be trained

Answer 2

Discuss aerobic capacity, why is is a useful measure, and how it may vary among species and individuals
maximal rate of oxygen consumption that determines aerobic endurance
in endotherms VO2max is much higher than their basal O2 consumption
decreases with age and is 50% due to genetics, can be trained

Question 3

Explain how temperature influences processes from the cellular to population level

________ fluidity (stabilized at _______ temps), enzyme kinetics (protein bonds ___________ at high temps), ________ structure (muscles can be remodeled seasonally in terms of mitochondria #) physiological processes (function and efficiency of digestion, locomotion, immune defenses), _______ level (behavior, fitness, geographic distribution)

Answer 3

Explain how temperature influences processes from the cellular to population level
membrane fluidity (stabilized at high temps), enzyme kinetics (protein bonds destabilize at high temps), tissue structure (muscles can be remodeled seasonally in terms of mitochondria #) physiological processes (function and efficiency of digestion, locomotion, immune defenses), species level (behavior, fitness, geographic distribution)

Question 4

Define types of body temperature regulation
endothermic: generate internal heat
________: relying on environment and behavior
homeotherm: maintains constant internal temp
_________: body temp fluctuates depending on environment

Answer 4

Define types of body temperature regulation

endothermic: generate internal heat
ectothermic: relying on environment and behavior
homeotherm: maintains constant internal temp
poikilotherm: body temp fluctuates depending on environment

Question 5

Animals exchange energy (heat) with their environment via solar radiation, thermal radiation, convection(between _______), conduction(between ______), evaporation, and metabolic heat production.

Answer 5

Animals exchange energy (heat) with their environment via solar radiation, thermal radiation, convection(between fluids), conduction(between surfaces), evaporation, and metabolic heat production.

Question 6

To survive in hot environments, ___________ like the jackrabbit, ___________ thermoregulate by seeking out cooler microhabitats. They also _________ thermoregulate by controlling blood flow to the ears, changing insulation with season, _________ at very high temps, and allowing body temperature to rise slightly.

Answer 6

To survive in hot environments, endotherms like the jackrabbit, behaviorally thermoregulate by seeking out cooler microhabitats. They also physiologically thermoregulate by controlling blood flow to the ears, changing insulation with season, panting at very high temps, and allowing body temperature to rise slightly.

Question 7

To survive in hot environments, ectotherms like the desert tortoise, ___________- thermoregulate by seeking out cooler microhabitats and making burrows. They also produce little metabolic heat and allow body temperature to fluctuate widely.

Answer 7

To survive in hot environments, ectotherms like the desert tortoise, behaviourally thermoregulate by seeking out cooler microhabitats and making burrows. They also produce little metabolic heat and allow body temperature to fluctuate widely.

Question 8

Ectotherms employ two strategies to deal with cold temperatures. They may __________ freezing by __________ their bodies using antifreeze glycoproteins that prevent the spreading of ice crystals. Instead they may tolerate freezing by allowing ________outside of cells to __________.

Answer 8

Ectotherms employ two strategies to deal with cold temperatures. They may avoid freezing by supercooling their bodies using antifreeze glycoproteins that prevent the spreading of ice crystals. Instead they may tolerate freezing by allowing blood and body fluids outside of cells to freeze.