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2024 Circulatory > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In this type of flow; the average flow speed is 1/2 the maximum velocity:

A

Parabolic

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2
Q

These vessels contain paired folds of tunica intima within their lumen:

A

Veins

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3
Q

What is the basic definition of serum?

A

-Plasma after clotting;

-A thick yellow fluid.

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4
Q

What is the dominant formed element of blood?

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

Percentage of formed elements in whole blood by volume is called:

A

hematocrit

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6
Q

Accounts for the momentary reverse flow seen in distal arterial circulation:

A

The windkessel effect

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7
Q

These vessels consist of thin endothelial tubes with a basement membrane:

A

Capillaries

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8
Q

What brings the blood supply to the vessel wall?

A

The vaso vesorum

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9
Q

Pulmonary vein is the only vein to carry:

A

Oxygenated blood

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10
Q

How many liters of blood is circulating throughout the body?

A

5 liters in average

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11
Q

What are the layers of vessel walls from outer to inner?

A

Tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima

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12
Q

Where is the slowest flow in the circulatory system found?

A

Capillaries

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13
Q

What vessel wall layer is composed of a circular arrangement of smooth muscle fibers?

A

Tunica media

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14
Q

What is found in plasma?

A

Gamma globulins

Water, proteins, albumins, globulins, fibrogens,

salts/nutrients/hormones/waste

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15
Q

Venous flow is considered:

A

Phasic

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16
Q

What has to happen for there to be flow in the arterial system?

A

A pressure difference

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17
Q

Which type of blood cells are responsible for the transport of respiratory gases and is the dominant formed element in circulation?

A

Erythrocytes

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18
Q

These three things play a role in venous return to the heart:

A

Gravity
Respiration
Valves within veins

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19
Q

On expiration; intra-abdominal pressure…

A

Stays the same

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20
Q

Which vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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21
Q

Where does lymph enter back into the bloodstream?

A

Brachiocephalic veins

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22
Q

Plasma is primarily composed of what?

A

Water

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23
Q

When Reynolds’s number exceeds ______ - ______, flow becomes turbulent.

A

2,000 - 2,500

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24
Q

Within a vessel, where is the fastest blood flow found?

A

In the middle

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25
Q

What is the biggest factor when you are dealing with resistance?

A

Tube radius

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26
Q

Flow speed:

A

How fast blood is flowing

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27
Q

Flow volume:

A

Volume passing a point in a unit of time

Volume of blood moving during a particular time

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28
Q

What are the specialized lymphatic vessels located in the gastrointestinal tract called?

A

Lacteals

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29
Q

Lymph nodes are found…

A

Below the inguinal canal

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30
Q

Which three items are associated with the lymphatic system?

A

Thymus, spleen, bone marrow

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31
Q

Systemic circulation transports blood from the heart to…

A

All parts of the body except for the lungs

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32
Q

When using color Doppler, faster flow is represented by a color that is…

A

Less saturated; lighter in color

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33
Q

Between males and females, which gender has a slightly higher hematocrit?

A

Males

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34
Q

What does the Letter “Q” represent in sonography?

A

Flow volume

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35
Q

Describe the three functions of the lymphatic system:

A
  1. Collects and brings excess fluids into the bloodstream
  2. Fights infection
  3. Absorbs fat from small intestines and brings them to liver
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36
Q

Hemodynamics comes from the Greek words meaning:

A

Blood and Power

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37
Q

Pulmonary circulation transports blood from the heart to…

A

The lungs

38
Q

Systemic circulation starts with the (blank) and ends with the (blank)

A

Systemic circulation (heart to body)
Starts with the left atrium and ends with the right atrium

39
Q

Pulmonary circulation starts with the (blank) and ends with the (blank)

A

Pulmonary circulation (heart to lungs)
starts with the right atrium and ends with the left atrium

40
Q

Pulmonary veins enter the heart via the

A

Left atrium

41
Q

Pulmonary arteries exit the heart via the

A

Right atrium

42
Q

What is open toward the heart and only allows flow to the heart?

(Conducts blood from tissue to heart)

A

Valves

43
Q

Collects blood from capillary beds:

A

Venules

44
Q

After (blank), there is no more oxygenated blood

A

Capillaries

45
Q

Deoxygenated blood must go back to the heart so it can go through (blank) and become oxygenated again

A

Pulmonary circulation

46
Q

(Blank) provides exchange of nutrients at the tissue layer

A

Capillaries

47
Q

(Blank) have the biggest recoil effect and the highest amount of pressure coming from the heart.

A

Arteries

48
Q

What vessel transports blood to various body tissues, is under high pressure, and consists of elastic tubes which recoil?

A

Arteries

49
Q

What is the last branch of the arterial system?

A

Arterioles

50
Q

4 components of blood:

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes (platlets)
Plasma

51
Q

Systole is (blank), Diastole is (blank)

A

Systole is pumping, Diastole is filling

52
Q

The heart is a (blank) pump with (blank) chambers

A

Muscular pump with four chambers (L&R atria, L&R ventricles)

53
Q

What are the two receiving chambers of the heart? (Receives blood)

A

Right and left atria

54
Q

What are the two pumping chambers of the heart? (Pumps blood out)

A

Right and left ventricles

55
Q

What are the receiving & pumping chambers if the pulmonary circuit?
(1/2 circuits of ♡)

A

R: left atrium
P: right ventricle

56
Q

What are the receiving & pumping chambers if the systemic circuit?
(2/2 circuits of heart)

A

R: right atrium
P: left ventricle

57
Q

Oxygenated blood goes (blank) from the heart while deoxygenated blood goes (blank) the heart.

A

Oxygenated blood - away from ♡
(Lungs -> heart -> body)

Deoxygenated blood - towards the ♡
(Body -> heart -> lungs)

58
Q

Systemic circulation begins when…

A

Pulmonary circulation stops

59
Q

Splenic and mesenteric veins join to form the

A

Portal vein

60
Q

Type of circulation that is a “side trip” of blood returning from mesentery?

A

Portal circulation

(Main portal vein, capillaries of liver, hepatic veins, ivc, right atrium)

61
Q

What is the inner surface of the entire circulatory system?

A

Blood vessels

62
Q

A single layer of squamous epithelium that makes up the arteries, arterioles, venules, and veins

A

The endothelium

63
Q

What vessel wall later is composed of connective tissue with collagenous and elastic fibers?

A

Tunica adventitia

64
Q

Vessel wall layer where surface is composed of smooth endothelium

A

Tunica intima

65
Q

Discrete layer only in medium size arteries:

A

internal elastic lamina (outer surface elastic fibers)

66
Q

Discrete layer only in muscular arteries:

A

External elastic lamina
(layer adjacent to tunica media)

67
Q

-Blood supply to vessel;

-Form dense capillary network in adventitia and penetrate outer parts of Tunica media.

-smaller vessels nourished by diffusion from blood being transported

A

Vaso Vesorum

68
Q

What system takes blood away from the Heart?

A

Arterial system

69
Q

What system takes blood towards the heart?

A

Venous system

70
Q

What is the only blood vessel that does not have three layers?

A

Capillaries

71
Q

Thrombocytes/platlets are part of the (blank) process

A

Blood clotting process

72
Q

A measure of an objects resistance to acceleration

A

Mass

73
Q

Existing in a state of rest

A

Inertia

74
Q

The greater the mass, the greater the (blank) because more force is required to accelerate a greater mass.

A

Inertia

75
Q

The resistance to flow offered by fluid in motion and given in units of poise is the (blank)

A

Viscosity (the thickness)

76
Q

In order for flow to occur, there must be a (blank)

A

Pressure difference

77
Q

Equal and opposite pressures applied to both ends of a liquid filled tube would result in (blank)

A

No flow

78
Q

Flow always move towards….

A

The area of least resistance

79
Q

The area with the highest amount of pressure in the body is the (blank)

A

Heart

80
Q

The driving force behind fluid flow is

A

Pressure

81
Q

-The rate of change of pressure

-The pressure difference divided by the distance between the two pressure locations is the (blank).

-can be created by the ♡ pumping blood.

A

Pressure gradient

82
Q

The relationship between pressure difference and resistance to flow is called (blank)

A

Poiseuilles Law

83
Q

The amount of blood that is moving at one time is the (blank)

A

Flow velocity

84
Q

Increase in pressure gradient causes a(n) (blank) in flow

A

An increase in flow

85
Q

Increase in resistance causes a(n) (blank) in flow

A

A decrease in flow

86
Q

What % of plasma is in blood?

A

Over half ; 55%

87
Q

What % of water makes up plasma?

A

About 90%

88
Q

Flow resistance depends on (blank) (3)

A

Fluid viscosity, tube length, and radius

89
Q

How big of a resistance there is is the (blank)

A

Radius

90
Q

As blood moves away from the ♡, what happens to the cross sectional area of the circulatory system?

A

It increases dramatically

91
Q

What happens to the velocity as blood moves away from the heart?

A

The velocity decreases

(Reminder: velocity is the amount)

92
Q

As you switch from capillaries to the venous side, what happens to the velocity and flow speed?

A

Velocity starts off slow and then increases in speed as it gets closer to the heart

2024 Circulatory (5 decks)

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