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teas!! > teas - biology > Flashcards

teas - biology Flashcards

1
Q

synthesizes proteins from amino acids, embedded in the rough ER

A

ribosomes

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2
Q

synthesized materials that are TRANSPORTED out/within of the cell

A

golgi apparatus

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3
Q

sacs used for storage, digestion and waste removal
- only one large one in plant cells

A

vacuole

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4
Q

vesicles

A

small organelle, moves material within a cell

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5
Q

vesicles

A

small organelle, moves material within a cell

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6
Q

cytoskeleton

A

consists of microtubules (made from proteins) that help shape and support the cell

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7
Q

cytosol

A

liquid material within a cell

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

refers to cytosol and the structures within the plasma membrane of the cell

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9
Q

rough ER

A

has ribosomes on the surface, comprises the transport system

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10
Q

smooth ER

A

does not have ribosomes on surface

ER synthesizes, stores, and transports lipids and carbohydrates
with in the cell

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

generates atp, cellular differentiation, cell cycle and cell growth regulation

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12
Q

nucleus

A

contains chromosomes and passes on genetic traits (DNA)

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13
Q

chromosomes

A

rods of DNA

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14
Q

chromatin

A

the dna + proteins that make up chromosomes

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15
Q

nucleolus

A

located in the nucleus, involved in protein synthesis, RNA synthesis + storage

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16
Q

nuclear membrane

A

encloses the structures of the nucleus, made from lipids

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17
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • involved in transportation of substances throughout the cell
  • plays role in metabolism of carbs, synthesis of lipids, steroids + proteins
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18
Q

lysosomes

A

protect the cell by engulfing the foreign bodies entering the cell and help in cell renewal

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19
Q

chloroplasts

A

primary organelles for photosynthesis
- contains the pigment chlorophyll

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20
Q

mitosis

A

daughter cell is an exact replica of the parent cell

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21
Q

meiosis

A

daughter cells have different gene coding than parent cell

22
Q

what is the order of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

23
Q

interphase

A

cell prepares for division by replicating its genetic and cytoplasmic material

24
Q

phospholipid

A

2 non polar fatty acid chains bonded to a polar head

25
Q

Transmembrane protein

A

Integral proteins that extend completely through the membrane

26
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

27
Q

Hypertonic

A

Extra cellular fluid has a higher solute concentration, water flows out of cell
- cell shrivels

28
Q

Hypotonic

A

Extracellular fluid has lower solute concentration
- water flows into the cell

29
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of substances across a cell membrane WITHOUT the input of energy
- osmosis is passive

30
Q

Active transport

A

Energy is used to move solutes into or out of the cell
- examples: exo and endocytosis

31
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

When proteins are used to transport substances down their concentration gradients

32
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

A

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

33
Q

What are the pyrimidine bases (3)

A

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

34
Q

What are the purine bases
purine = pure

A

Adenine and guanine

35
Q

Adenine pairs with
( think 21 savage)

A

Thymine

36
Q

Cytosine pairs with

A

Guanine

37
Q

What is the start codon

A

AUG

38
Q

What are the 3 stop codons

A

UAA
UGA
UAG

39
Q

DNA replication and steps

A

DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

40
Q

DNA replication and steps

A

DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

41
Q

Helicase

A

Enzyme that untwists the two strands of the double helix

42
Q

Helicase

A

Enzyme that untwists the two strands of the double helix

43
Q

Replication firk

A

Y shaped point that results when two strands of DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated

44
Q

Dominant genes (DD, Dd)

A
45
Q

Dominant genes (DD, Dd)

A

Gene that dictates the way a trait is expressed

46
Q

Recessive genes (dd)

A

Gene hidden when the dominant gene is present

47
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

When both the dominant and recessive genes are expressed

48
Q

law of segregation

A

states that allele pairs segregate during gametogenesis and reunite randomly during the fertilization process

49
Q

A lipid or fat molecule can be broken down into:

A

fatty acids and glycerol
- these are the monomers of lipids

50
Q

chromosome carry

A

genetic information in the form of DNA
- Each gene is formed of sequences of DNA and carries information for characteristics of organisms

51
Q

what is the link between chromosomes and dna

A

chromosomes include genes , made of up of a DNA sequence

52
Q
A

teas!! (7 decks)

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