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TB drugs > TB drugs > Flashcards

TB drugs Flashcards

1
Q

How is isoniazid activated?

A

Bacterial catalase-peroxidase (KatG)

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2
Q

Is isoniazid bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

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3
Q

How does isoniazid cause cell death?

A

Decreases synthesis of mycolic acids…in cell wall

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4
Q

What can isoniazid damage?

A

Neurotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity (this was emphasized)
Lupus

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5
Q

What is something to keep in mind when dosing isoniazid?

A

The patient’s acetylation rate (fast vs. slow)…causes different half-lives

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6
Q

Is rifampin bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

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7
Q

How does rifampin cause cell death?

A

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

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8
Q

What side effects does rifampin have?

A

Hepatotoxicity–increases cytP450–messes up lots of drugs (cannot be given with HIV drugs)

Orange body fluids

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9
Q

Should rifampin be given alone?

A

No…resistance develops

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10
Q

Is pyrazinamide bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

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11
Q

How does pyrazinamide cause cell death?

A

Not fully known…may decrease pH in phagolysosomes

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12
Q

What should be watched for when giving pyrazinamide?

A

Hyperuricemia

Hepatotoxicity

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13
Q

Is ethambutol bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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14
Q

How does ethambutol prevent the growth/reproduction of bacteria?

A

Block arabinosylatransferase–decreases carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall

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15
Q

What can be seen with ethambutol?

A

Optic neuropathy–R/G color blindness

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16
Q

What are types of aminoglycosides?

A 
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin

“GNATS”

17
Q

Are aminoglycosides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

18
Q

How do aminoglycosides kill cells?

A

Inhibit formation of initiation complex
Cause misreading of mRNA
Block translocation

19
Q

Do aminoglycosides kill anaerobes or aerobes?

A

Aerobes–require O2 for uptake

20
Q

When else would aminoglycosides be used?

A

Severe gram- rod infections
Synergistic w/ beta-lactams
Bowel surgery (neomycin)

21
Q

What are side-effects to aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity (particularly when given w/ cephalosporins)
Neuromuscular blockade
Ototoxicity (particularly when given w/ loop diuretics)
Teratogen

“caNNOT”

22
Q

What can cause resistance to aminoglycosides?

A

Transferase enzymes–acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation

23
Q

What is a mnemonic to remember the drugs, toxicity, and what it kills?

A

GNATS caNNOT kill anaerobes

24
Q

What do you give to prevent vitamin deficiency with Isoniazid treatment?

A

Pyridoxine (Vit B6) to prevent side effects.

TB drugs (1 decks)

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