Taxa/Terms Quiz COPY Flashcards
Tropaeolaceae; Tropaeolum ~90 sp: (Garden nasturtium)
Climbing herbs with orbicular,
Lvs: peltate leaves and twining petioles
Corolla: Brightly colored zygomorphic flowers:
FF: 5 sepals, 5 petals, 8 stamens, 3 connate carpels Prominent nectar spur extends from the upper-most sepal
Fruit: Fruit breaks into three single-seeded sections at maturity (schizocarp)
Other info: Foliage and flowers add a pleasant peppery accent to salads [related to the mustard family and deploying the same kind of secondary chemistry defense system]
Note: this is a genus of about 90 species, some of which have deeply palmately lobed leaves and rather different looking flowers – try “google imaging” examples of some of these.
Family: Ericaceae
Genus: Vaccinium
Characteristics:
1’ Deciduous
3’ Entire lf; Calyx lobes
Ericaceae (Family)
Genus… (V.)
Species ()
Vaccinium Parvifolium
CN: Red Huckleberry
1’ Leaves deciduous (rarely evergreen in young plants of Vaccinium parvifolium), thin or ± thick, veins generally prominent abaxially; pedicel not jointed to flower; filaments glabrous
3’ Leaf serrate or minutely so (but see Vaccinium parvifolium); calyx lobes ± 0 or generally < tube, deciduous; twigs angled or not, green or not; flowers often 1 in axils of lowest leaves of youngest shoots
4’ Twigs strongly angled, green; fruit red to dark blue or purple
7’ Leaf margins flat, generally not ciliate; berry red, not glaucous; hypanthium scar to 1/2 width of berry.
- Plant erect shrub, 10–40 dm, generally not rhizomed; leaf entire to serrate or with only deciduous, sharp point at tip, abaxially (especially midvein) puberulent ….. V. parvifolium
Ericaceae (Family)
Genus… (V.)
Species ()
Vaccinium ovatum
CN: California Huckleberry/Black Huckleberry
- Leaves evergreen, leathery, veins not prominent abaxially; pedicel
jointed to flower; filaments ± hairy
2’ Plant 5–30 dm, branches stout; leaf 20–50 mm,
serrate ; corolla lobes < tube, erect to spreading when anthers open …..
V. ovatum
Alliaceae (Allium) “Onion Family” Sp. Allium (Onion)
Fruit: Bulb
Inflorescence: Umbel inflorescence; Scapose, Inflorescence bract, spathe
Corolla: Tepals
FF: 3,3,6,3
Similar to Lily!
Family Iridaceae “Iris Family” Sp. Iris
*,3,3,3,3
Inferior ovary
3 stamen capsule
Equitant leaves
Erect “banner-like” petals
Family ranunculaceae (Buttercup family) Ranunculus Genera
Habit: Ann/per herb (1 exception: clematis =woods) basal and cauline
Leaf arch: ternate (ternately lobed/compound)
Base of petiole flat->arranged in 3’s “clasps the stem”
Flower: apocarpous gynoecium
Many stamen
Hooked tips on pistils (fruits)
Fruit: achenes (many carpels) follicles (several carpels)
Leaf Arch: ternately lobed (dissected/compound)
Symmetry: Radial
Perianth: 5,5
Nectar dispenser: flap at base of each petal
Delphinium (Genera) CN:larkspur
Leaf Arch: ternately (palmately) lobed
Symmetry: bilateral
Perianth: 5,4
Nectar dispenser: 2 nectar-secreting petals housed in a tubular sepal
FF: X, 5,4, many, 3
Sepals petal-like and showy UPPER 1st SEPAL IS SPURRED)
2 nectar secreting petals and 2 guard petal to protect sexual whorls
Aquilegia (Genus) CN: Columbine
Leaf Arch: ternately (palmately) lobed
Symmetry: Radial
Perianth: 5,5
Nectar dispenser: 5 tubular petals
All petals are spurred!!
Hummingbird dispersal
follicles!
Nymphaea (Family) CN: Water lilys
Long horizontal rhizome underground
Long leaf petiole
Large flowers with many parts
Attract beetles
Basal angiosperms
Genus
& CN
Penstemon(Beard’s tongue)
Habit: perennial herb, shrub
Leaf Arch: Simple leaves (lanceolate, elliptical)
Distal sessile
Generally opposite
Flower:
X,5,5,4+1,2
Capitate stigma
Fruit: Capsule
Family
CN
Family Plantaginaceae
Plantago (Plantains)
Habit: Scapose herbs
Leaf Arch: Simple, basal leaves w/ parallel venation
Infl/Flowers: reduced wind pollinated= Scarious
X,4,4,4,2
In dense spikes
Fruit: Capsule
FF: X,5^,3+2^,4,2
Habit: Annuals to shrubs (tree=Leak)
square/4 angled stems
Opposite leaves
Gen. pubescent/ gland dotted
Simple, gen. crenate/ dentate (serrate) margins
Flower:
Strongly zygomorphic
Bilabiate corolla
2 petals up
3 petals down
2 long 2 short stamen
Verticillaster-> Inflourescence of opposite cymes that occur in pairs creating a false whorl
Nototribic flowers-> pollen is deposited on the back of the visiting animal
Fruit: Gynobasic style w/ 4 lobed ovary
Schizocarp w/ 4 nutlets
Gynobasic-> style arising from the base of the ovary
Mimulus (Monkey flower)
Habit: annual to shrub
FF: X,5,5,2+2,2
Lf. Arch: simple, gen sessile, gen serrated
Occasionally glandular sticky/pubescent
Opposite
Flower:
Pleated calyx
Bilabiate
2 lobbed stigma sensitive to touch
Fruit: capsule
Habit: annual to shrub
FF: X,5,5,2+2,2
Inflorescence: raceme, bracted, fls 1-4 per node
Lf. Arch: entire, gen sessile, gen serrated
Occasionally glandular sticky/pubescent
Opposite
Flower:
- Pleated calyx
- Bilabiate
- 2 lobbed stigma sensitive to touch
Fruit: capsule
Erythranthe (mk fl)
Habit: annual or perennial herb, glabous herb
Lf: gen. Sessile, gen green or red
Inflorescence: raceme, bracted, or fls gen 2 per axil
Fr: capsule
Family Plantaginaceae “Plantain Family”
Plantago (Plantains)
FF: X,4,4,4,2
Habit: Scapose herbs
Leaf Arch: Simple, basal leaves w/ parallel venation
Infl/Flowers: reduced wind pollinated= Scarious
In dense spikes
Fruit: Capsule
Penstemon(Beard’s tongue)
Habit: perennial herb, shrub
Leaf Arch: Simple leaves (lanceolate, elliptical)
Distal sessile
Generally opposite
Flower: X,5,5,4+1,2
Capitate stigma
Fruit: Capsule
Family Aristolochiaceae “Pipevine Family” SP. Asarum
Asarum (Wild Ginger)
Habit: Herbaceous, perennial
Basal angiosperm
Fl:3-parted dark colored flowers; no petals, just sepals
Lvs: Cordate leaves
Rhizomatous
Ancient, not eudicot or monocot
Capsules in fr, protein packets for ants to help germinate
Family Malvaceae “cheese/Hibiscus f”
Habit: annual to trees
FF: *,3-5^,5,many,5-8
Leaf architecture: simple gen. Palmately lobed
Stellate vestiture
Flower:
Stamen are monadelphous and form a filament tube
Epipetalous
Fruit: Schizocarp w/ mericarps or Capsule
Vestiture: Stellate hairs
Family Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Family
SP. Eucalyptus
Non-native
FF: *,5,5,many,4,5
- Hypanthium
- Woody capsule
- Inferior ovary
- Epigynous
- Perianth, sepals & petals fused onto calyptra
- Sikle shape lf, like grim reaper
Family Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Family
Family Papaveraceae “Poppy family”
Habit: Annual- perennial (mostly herbs, but some woody)
Foliage with milky sap
FF: X|*,2 or 3, 2 or 6, many, 2 (6 in dicentra)
Lf Arch: simple to pinnately lobed/ dissected/compound (1-2x)
Sepals ephemeral deciduous
Glue (uzz/laytex), that comes out once cut at stem
Genus
(G) Papaver “Common Poppy ”
Corolla: Flower buds nodding; 2 fuzzy deciduous sepals fall off; Petals wrinkly and in 2 layers (2 petals per whorl)
Note the many stamens and many carpels
Fruit is a poricidal capsule (poricidal capsule dehiscence)
Sap gen. yellow or orange
Stigmatic disc
Gynoecium: No style
Eschscholzia californica “California Poppy ”
Highly pinnately dissected leaves (1-4x)
FF: +, 2, 4, many, 2
Fr: Capsule w/ valvate dehiscence
Calyptra of 2 fused sepals fall off to expose corolla
Many stamen
2 fused carpels with deeply lobed stigmas
Ovary Position: Superior Ovary
Receptacle funnel-shaped and with “rim”
Sap colorless or orange
Dicentra “Bleeding Hearts ”
Fl: 2 deciduous sepals; biradial (Zygo), heart shaped
FF: +,2,2+2, 3+3
Outer 2 petals pouched
Inner 2 petals fused at tips
6 stamen (fused on sits of 3)/ 2 sets of 3
Sap colorless
Lvs: Deeply dissected
Family
Polygonaceae (Family)
∞ small fls
Habit: ann-per herb (shrub)
Sometimes ocreae & swollen nodes (“knees”)
Sometimes; involcres
FR: achene gen 3-sided
Family & Genus
(F) Polygonaceae (G) Eriogonum (wild Buckwheat)
Common Name: wild buckwheat
Habit: perennial
Fl: *,-3,3-,9,_^ (Superior)
Corolla Format:
Ovary Position: Superior
Fruit: Achene
Involucre: set of bracts associated w/ clusters of fls (or frs); fused in Eriogonum
Inflorescence: bracts at nodes
Rumex (Family Polygonaceae) CN: dock
Habit: perennial
Fl: *,3,3,6,3_^ (Superior)
Corolla Format: tubercles form after flowering
Ovary Position: Superior
Fruit: achene, even tho fused carpels
Inflorescence: panicle-like
Ocrea: fused stipules, sheathing around stem;
Family Brassicaceae: Raphanus (Mustard Family)
Habit: Herbaceous, annual
Fruit: distinct crucifer style capsules
F.F: *,4,4,4+2,2 (and hat over 2)
*stamens are different sizes
Family and Genus
Family Grossulariaceae* (Gooseberry)
Ribes (Currant, Gooseberry)
Alternate stamens (in the gaps in between petals)
Hypanthium-> adnation of the first 3 whorls “floral cup”
Monoecious
Deciduous
FF: *,5,5,5,2 Inferior ovary
LA: palmately lobed
Fruit: berry
family and genus
Family Onagraceae* (fuchsia)
Habit: tropical mts
FF: *,4,4,8,4^
Fr: berries
Ovary: inferior Ovary; Hypanthium fused to ovary wall
Family
Oenothera (evening primose)
FF: *,4,4,8,4^
Four lobed stigma
Chamerion angustifolium
FF: *,4,4,8,4^
Does Not have hypanthium tube
Inferior ovary
Family & Genus
(F)Onagraceae (G)Epilobium (willow herb)
FF: *,4,4,8,4^
lobed/notched petals
Feathery seeds
Rosaceae CN: Rose (F)
Habit: herb → tree
Culinary: apples, strawberries
Lvs: simple → cmpd; stipulate (sometimes deciduous); gen serrate
FR: lots of variation (aggregate or not)
FF: *,5,5,∞,∞
Hypanthium: epigynous
Family & Genus
Family: Rosaceae Fragaria (strawberry )
Family Rosaceae & (G) Rubus (Blackberries/ Raspberries
Family Rosaceae & (G)Prunus (Cherries, Almonds, Peach)
Family Rosaceae & (G)“Maloids” (Apples)
(F) Asteraceae (G) Cirsium (Daisy Family)
Capitulum type: tube (disc) only = discoid head
Flower type:
Involucre:
Pappus present: yes
Paleae present: no, but receptacle w/ bristles
Key to group: 4
(F) Asteraceae (G) Achillea (Daisy Family) CN: Yaro
Capitulum type: ray & tube (disc) = radiate head
Flower type:
Involucre: several series, graduated
Pappus present: no
Paleae present: yes, chaff
Key to group:
cyp·se·la
a dry single-seeded fruit formed from a double ovary of which only one develops into a seed, as in the daisy family.
(G) Avena (Oats)
- Has hygroscopic awns to plant itself in the soil (responds to moisture)
Parts: lemma, palea, awn, glume ,stolon , rhizome
(G) Cortaderia (Pampas Grass)
- Highly invasive
All species are female (dioecious)
Family Cyperaceae “Sedge Family”
- Gramminoid- grasslike monocot
(G) Carex (Sedge)
- Unisexual
- Triangular stems
- Achenes
- Perigynium in females
- Modified perianth
Family Cyperaceae “Sedge Family”
- Gramminoid- grasslike monocot
(G) Cyperus (Umbrella sedge/flat-sedge)
- Bisexual
- Achenes
- Triangular stems
- No perianth
- Flat laterally compressed spikelets w/ bisexual flrs
- Terminal umbel like infl with spikelets on rays
- Genwith radiating infl
- bracts
- Gen 2-3 stamen
