Task 1

Question 1

Cognitive science

Answer 1

The scientific study of the biological processes and mechanisms underlying human cognition and behavior

Question 2

Central hypothesis of cognitive science

Thagard et al.

Answer 2

Thinking is best understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures
that work with these representational structures

Question 3

CRUM

Thagard et al.

Answer 3

Computational-Representational Understanding of the Mind (approach following central hypothesis)

Question 4

Artificial intelligence

Answer 4

Systems that display intelligent behavior by analyzing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals

Question 5

Capabilities of AI Systems

Answer 5

1. Perceives environment through sensors and perception (camera, microphone, …)
2. Reasoning / Information processing and Decision Making
3. Actuation

Question 6

Rational AI systems

Answer 6

Basic version of AI systems. They modify the environment, but they do not adapt their behavior over time to better achieve their goal

Question 7

Black-box AI

Answer 7

Accurate but can’t trace back the reason for certain decisions

Question 8

3 laws of AI

Asimow

Answer 8

1. AI has to obey humans
2. AI must not harm humans
3. AI must have to protect its own systems

Question 9

Strong/weak AI

Answer 9

Strong AI – System’s intellectual ability becomes indistinguishable from human intelligence
Weak AI – System that can just perform one task

Question 10

Alignment problem

Gopnik

Answer 10

How do we ensure that the AI’s goals don’t conflict with ours?

Question 11

Machine Learning

Answer 11

Enables computers to learn from data and make decisions or predictions without being explicitly programmed. It involves algorithms that identify patterns and improve their performance over time as they are exposed to more data

Question 12

Reinforcement Learning

Answer 12

The model learns by interacting with an environment, receiving rewards or penalties based on its actions.

Question 13

Supervised Learning

Answer 13

The model is trained on a labeled dataset, meaning that each training example is paired with an output label

Question 14

Neural Networks

Answer 14

Computational models inspired by the human brain.
They consist of interconnected layers of nodes (neurons), where each node processes input and passes the output to the next layer.

Question 15

Deep learning

Answer 15

Approach to neural networks:
Neural network has several layers between the input & output

Question 16

Unsupervised Learning

Answer 16

The model is trained on unlabeled data and must find patterns and relationships within the data

Question 17

The problem with solving the alignment problem

Gopnik

Answer 17

Reinforcement learning agents can act to accomplish the goals human programmers set for them BUT big part of intelligence is ability to set your own goals and to create new one

Question 18

Solution to the problem with solving the alignment problem

Answer 18

Might solve alignment problem in AI by thinking about how we solve it in human relationships (like parents teaching children etc.)

Question 19

The Managerial Challenge

Answer 19

The fact that AI makes prediction tasks easy and inexpensive, so managerial tasks become more valuable

Question 20

The seven deadly sins of AI prediction

Answer 20

1. Overestimating and underestimating
2. Imagining magic
3. Performance vs. competence
4. Suitcase words
5. Exponentials
6. Hollywood scenarios
7. Speed of deployment