Talasemia Majora Flashcards

1
Q

Ce tip de Hb scade in Talasemia Homozigota?

A

Hb A1 (alfa2beta2) care poate fi scazuta sau absenta in functie de lanturile beta

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2
Q

Patogeneza Talasemiei

A

Eritropoieza infecienta duce la anemia si automat la hipoxie.
Hipoxia stimuleaza eritropoieza extramedulara (HSmegalie, deformari scheletale)
F si S trebuie sa produca si sa elimine eritrocitele si nu fac fata=> hiperreactivitate care duce la marirea lor
Hemocromatoza secundara

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3
Q

Cum este debutul in talasemia majora?(primele 6 luni)

A

Subicter subconjunctival manifestat in urma hemolizei continue.
Creste bilirubina neconjugata(indirecta) ptc f multe hematii sunt lizate si ficatul nu face fata si nu mai conjuga bilirubina indirecta.
Paloare
Anorexie
Curba ponderala deficitara

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4
Q

Manifestari dupa 1 an in Talasemia Majora

A

HEPATOSPLENOMEGALIE (prin producerea si eliminarea hematiilor, acumulare de eritrocite ineficiente, hemocromatoza)
Hipotrofie musculara
Pigmentare bruna a tegumentelor

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5
Q

Care este semnul ca este un stadiu avansat in talasemie majora?

A

Hepatosplenomegalia

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6
Q

Ce modificari apar in talasemie majora la Hemograma?

A

anemie hipocroma microcitara hipersideremica regenerativa
Scad Hb, VEM, CHEM
Creste sideremia, feritina, si urobilinogenul urinar (ptc e hemoliza crescuta, hem->bilirubina conjugata care ajunge in intestin de unde se absoarbe in sange si se elimina in urina)

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7
Q

Ce modificari apar pe radiografie?

A

Craniu in perie: spiculi radiali si ingrosarea diploiei

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8
Q

Ce modificari rx apar la nivelul oaselor lungi?

A

Deformari scheletale cu expansiunea canalului medular, corticala subtiata

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9
Q

Ce tip de anemie este din punct de vedere fiziopatologic?

A

Anemie hemolitica prin defect dpdv structural

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10
Q

Cum se pune dg pozitiv in talasemie?

A

Anamneza
HG-anemie micro, hipo, hipersideremica
ELECTROFOREZA dupa 1 an (ca inca isi transforma HbF in aia de adult)
TESTARE GENETICA pt confirmare indif de varsta

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11
Q

Cum se pune dg pozitiv in talasemie?

A

Anamneza
HG-anemie micro, hipo, hipersideremica
ELECTROFOREZA dupa 1 an (ca inca isi transforma HbF in aia de adult)
TESTARE GENETICA pt confirmare indif de varsta

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12
Q

Ce complicatii apar?

A

Hipoxie anemica->nanism, pubertate intarziata
Hemocromatoza care duce la alte boli in functie de depunere (ciroza hep, dz, cardiomegalie, IC, insuf endocrine)

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13
Q

Ce se verifica (nivelul cui) inainte de a incepe tratamentul chelator?

A

Se verifica nivelul feritinei (care e crescuta ca leaga excesul de Fe din sange)

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14
Q

Complicatii in talasemie

A

Litiaza biliara (se acumuleaza multa bilirubina neconjugata in VB)
Hipersplenism
Alloanticorpi

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15
Q

Tratament in talasemie

A

Transfuzii ME
Tratament chelator
Vitaminoterapie (C, E, acid folic, B6, A, D)
Splenectomie

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16
Q

Cand e indicata splenectomia?

A

Cand splenomegalia e compresiva
Hipersplenism prin acumulare de Fe chiar si dupa tratamentul chelator
Dupa 4-5 ani