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A Level: Psychology > SZ: Classifications > Flashcards

SZ: Classifications Flashcards

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1
Q

Avolition

A

Reduction, difficultyy or inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed behaviour (that is available to the individual), often mistaken for apparent disinterest.

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2
Q

Delusions

A

Firmly held erroneous (incorrect) beliefs that are caused by distortions of reasoning or misinterpretations of perceptions or experiences.

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3
Q

Hallucinations

A

Distortions or exaggerations of perception in any of the senses, most notably auditory hallucinations.

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4
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Appear to reflect a diminution (reduction of size) or loss of normal functioning.

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5
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Appear to relect an excess or distortion or normal functioning.

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6
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A type of psychosis characterised by a profound disruption of cognition and emotion.

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7
Q

Speech poverty/alogia

A

The lessening of speech fluency and productivity, which reflects slowing or blocked thoughts.

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8
Q

Between what ages is SZ most commonly diagnosed?

A

Ages 15 - 35

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9
Q

What would a clinician use to make a diagnosis of SZ?

A

A diagnostic manual, such as the DSM-V.

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10
Q

What diagnostic tool is most commonly used in:

  • Europe?
  • US?
A

Europe = ICD (International Classification of Diseases)

US = DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders)

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of SZ divided into?

A

Positive and negative symptoms.

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12
Q

List the positive symptoms of SZ:

A
  • Hallucinations - auditory, olfactory or tactile
  • Delusions - paranoid or grandeur
  • Disorganised speech
  • Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
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13
Q

Olfactory hallucinations

A

Smelling things others can’t.

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14
Q

Tactile hallucinations

A

Physically feeling things that aren’t real, eg. bugs crawling under skin.

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15
Q

Paranoid delusions

A

Delusions that are persecutory in nature.

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16
Q

Delusions of grandeur

A

Delusions that invlove inflated beliefs about the person’s power and importance.

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17
Q

Disorganised speech

What are the two types of this?

A

Results from an abnormal thought process.

Derailment = slip from one topic two another.

Word salad = incoherent speech.

18
Q

Grossly disorganised behaviour

A

The inability or motivation to initiate a task or complete it, or acting in a bizarre way, eg wearing heavy clothes on a hot day.

19
Q

Catatonic behaviour

A

Behaviours characterised by a reduced reaction to the immediate environment, rigid postures or aimless motor activity.

20
Q

List the negative symptoms of SZ:

A
  • Speech poverty/alogia
  • Avolition
  • Affective flattening
  • Anhedonia
21
Q

Affective flattening

A

A reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression, including facial expression, voice tone, eye contact and body language.

22
Q

Anhedonia

A

A loss of interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities, or a lack of reactivity to normally pleasurable stimuli.

23
Q

What type of anhedonia is more reliable when diagnosing SZ?

A

Physical is more reliable than social, as it does not overlap with other disorders (eg depression).

24
Q

According to the DSM-V, what are the criteria for SZ?

A
  • Two or more symptoms:
    • Delusions
    • Hallucinations
    • Disorganised speech
    • Disorganised/catatonic behaviour
    • Negative symptoms
  • Social/occupational disfunction - affects at least one aspect of daily life.
  • Duration - continuous signs for at least 6 months (must include 1 month of symptoms or total of 1 month)
25
Q

Reduction, difficultyy or inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed behaviour (that is available to the individual), often mistaken for apparent disinterest.

A

Avolition

26
Q

Firmly held erroneous (incorrect) beliefs that are caused by distortions of reasoning or misinterpretations of perceptions or experiences.

A

Delusions

27
Q

Distortions or exaggerations of perception in any of the senses, most notably auditory hallucinations.

A

Hallucinations

28
Q

Appear to reflect a diminution (reduction of size) or loss of normal functioning.

A

Negative symptoms

29
Q

Appear to relect an excess or distortion or normal functioning.

A

Positive symptoms

30
Q

A type of psychosis characterised by a profound disruption of cognition and emotion.

A

Schizophrenia

31
Q

The lessening of speech fluency and productivity, which reflects slowing or blocked thoughts.

A

Speech poverty/alogia

32
Q

Smelling things others can’t.

A

Olfactory hallucinations

33
Q

Physically feeling things that aren’t real, eg. bugs crawling under skin.

A

Tactile hallucinations

34
Q

Delusions that are persecutory in nature.

A

Paranoid delusions

35
Q

Delusions that invlove inflated beliefs about the person’s power and importance.

A

Delusions of grandeur

36
Q

Results from an abnormal thought process.

Derailment = slip from one topic two another.

Word salad = incoherent speech.

A

Disorganised speech

What are the two types of this?

37
Q

The inability or motivation to initiate a task or complete it, or acting in a bizarre way, eg wearing heavy clothes on a hot day.

A

Grossly disorganised behaviour

38
Q

Behaviours characterised by a reduced reaction to the immediate environment, rigid postures or aimless motor activity.

A

Catatonic behaviour

39
Q

A reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression, including facial expression, voice tone, eye contact and body language.

A

Affective flattening

40
Q

A loss of interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities, or a lack of reactivity to normally pleasurable stimuli.

A

Anhedonia

A Level: Psychology (22 decks)

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